gimi9 Pandas Profiling

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	24
Number of observations	3261
Missing cells	17930
Missing cells (%)	22.9%
Duplicate rows	101
Duplicate rows (%)	3.1%
Total size in memory	621.1 KiB
Average record size in memory	195.0 B

Variable types

Text	16
Categorical	5
Numeric	3

Dataset

Description	한국원자력연구원_방사선 반응 실험에 대한 원문 정보 데이터 입니다. 데이터 칼럼 리스트는 샘플명(영문), 샘플명(국문), 분류군, 원산지, 형태, 부위, 숙주명, 숙주분류군, 숙주원신지, 원문명, 저자, 게재지, 원문링크, 피인용지수1(Impact Factor), 피인용지수2(Eigen Factor), 색인인용디비(SCIE여부), , 게재년도, 권, 호, 첫페이지, 끝페이지, 문서코드번호(PMID(doi)), 초록, 주요결과요약 입니다.
Author	한국원자력연구원
URL	https://www.data.go.kr/data/15034318/fileData.do

Alerts

`숙주원신지` has constant value ""	Constant
Dataset has 101 (3.1%) duplicate rows	Duplicates
`원산지` is highly imbalanced (96.3%)	Imbalance
`형태` is highly imbalanced (98.0%)	Imbalance
`숙주분류군` is highly imbalanced (98.6%)	Imbalance
`부위` has 3255 (99.8%) missing values	Missing
`숙주명` has 3250 (99.7%) missing values	Missing
`숙주원신지` has 3260 (> 99.9%) missing values	Missing
`피인용지수1(Impact Factor)` has 2357 (72.3%) missing values	Missing
`피인용지수2(Eigen Factor)` has 2357 (72.3%) missing values	Missing
`권` has 444 (13.6%) missing values	Missing
`호` has 708 (21.7%) missing values	Missing
`첫페이지` has 375 (11.5%) missing values	Missing
`끝페이지` has 384 (11.8%) missing values	Missing
`문서코드번호(PMID(doi))` has 1338 (41.0%) missing values	Missing
`초록` has 148 (4.5%) missing values	Missing

Reproduction

Analysis started	2023-12-12 18:16:24.963416
Analysis finished	2023-12-12 18:16:28.302751
Duration	3.34 seconds
Software version	ydata-profiling vv4.5.1
Download configuration	config.json

샘플명(영문)
Text

Distinct	2555
Distinct (%)	78.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	152
Median length	70
Mean length	16.59215
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	54107
Distinct characters	384
Distinct categories	14 ?
Distinct scripts	4 ?
Distinct blocks	5 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	2229 ?
Unique (%)	68.4%

Sample

1st row	'Allahabad Safeda' Guava fruit; Psidium guajava L.(구아바)
2nd row	'Lucknow-49' Guava fruit; Psidium guajava L.(구아바)
3rd row	* 샘플명은 추후 Codex 식품 분류 기준으로 정리예정임
4th row	1,8-cineol
5th row	13-Day-old larvae

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
red	150	1.9%
pepper	139	1.8%
l	119	1.5%
beef	92	1.2%
kimchi(irradiated	80	1.0%
pork	71	0.9%
meat	58	0.7%
seed	57	0.7%
egg	54	0.7%
white	53	0.7%
Other values (2616)	6980	88.9%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	4880	9.0%
	4593	8.5%
a	4484	8.3%
i	3481	6.4%
r	3415	6.3%
o	2638	4.9%
s	2492	4.6%
n	2368	4.4%
t	2351	4.3%
l	1945	3.6%
Other values (374)	21460	39.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	41705	77.1%
Space Separator	4593	8.5%
Uppercase Letter	3659	6.8%
Other Letter	1572	2.9%
Decimal Number	712	1.3%
Other Punctuation	700	1.3%
Close Punctuation	427	0.8%
Open Punctuation	413	0.8%
Dash Punctuation	296	0.5%
Connector Punctuation	14	< 0.1%
Other values (4)	16	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
추	44	2.8%
건	42	2.7%
고	38	2.4%
조	36	2.3%
가	26	1.7%
마	26	1.7%
기	25	1.6%
국	24	1.5%
청	24	1.5%
채	24	1.5%
Other values (287)	1263	80.3%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	4880	11.7%
a	4484	10.8%
i	3481	8.3%
r	3415	8.2%
o	2638	6.3%
s	2492	6.0%
n	2368	5.7%
t	2351	5.6%
l	1945	4.7%
c	1903	4.6%
Other values (19)	11748	28.2%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
C	428	11.7%
S	334	9.1%
P	316	8.6%
B	260	7.1%
L	244	6.7%
A	239	6.5%
M	223	6.1%
R	173	4.7%
T	171	4.7%
G	169	4.6%
Other values (16)	1102	30.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	145	20.4%
2	128	18.0%
0	119	16.7%
3	67	9.4%
9	56	7.9%
4	52	7.3%
5	50	7.0%
7	33	4.6%
6	31	4.4%
8	31	4.4%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	273	39.0%
;	190	27.1%
,	148	21.1%
%	28	4.0%
/	21	3.0%
'	18	2.6%
:	17	2.4%
&	3	0.4%
*	2	0.3%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	423	99.1%
]	4	0.9%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	409	99.0%
[	4	1.0%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
+	4	66.7%
~	2	33.3%

Letter Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ⅱ	1	50.0%
Ⅰ	1	50.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	4593	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	296	100.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	14	100.0%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
^	4	100.0%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	4	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	45351	83.8%
Common	7169	13.2%
Hangul	1572	2.9%
Greek	15	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
추	44	2.8%
건	42	2.7%
고	38	2.4%
조	36	2.3%
가	26	1.7%
마	26	1.7%
기	25	1.6%
국	24	1.5%
청	24	1.5%
채	24	1.5%
Other values (287)	1263	80.3%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	4880	10.8%
a	4484	9.9%
i	3481	7.7%
r	3415	7.5%
o	2638	5.8%
s	2492	5.5%
n	2368	5.2%
t	2351	5.2%
l	1945	4.3%
c	1903	4.2%
Other values (44)	15394	33.9%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	4593	64.1%
)	423	5.9%
(	409	5.7%
-	296	4.1%
.	273	3.8%
;	190	2.7%
,	148	2.1%
1	145	2.0%
2	128	1.8%
0	119	1.7%
Other values (20)	445	6.2%

Greek

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
α	9	60.0%
μ	3	20.0%
β	3	20.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	52514	97.1%
Hangul	1572	2.9%
None	15	< 0.1%
Punctuation	4	< 0.1%
Number Forms	2	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	4880	9.3%
	4593	8.7%
a	4484	8.5%
i	3481	6.6%
r	3415	6.5%
o	2638	5.0%
s	2492	4.7%
n	2368	4.5%
t	2351	4.5%
l	1945	3.7%
Other values (71)	19867	37.8%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
추	44	2.8%
건	42	2.7%
고	38	2.4%
조	36	2.3%
가	26	1.7%
마	26	1.7%
기	25	1.6%
국	24	1.5%
청	24	1.5%
채	24	1.5%
Other values (287)	1263	80.3%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
α	9	60.0%
μ	3	20.0%
β	3	20.0%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	4	100.0%

Number Forms

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ⅱ	1	50.0%
Ⅰ	1	50.0%

샘플명(국문)
Text

Distinct	2353
Distinct (%)	72.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	152
Median length	71
Mean length	11.08893
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	36161
Distinct characters	588
Distinct categories	13 ?
Distinct scripts	4 ?
Distinct blocks	4 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	1957 ?
Unique (%)	60.0%

Sample

1st row	'Allahabad Safeda' Guava fruit; Psidium guajava L.(구아바)
2nd row	'Lucknow-49' Guava fruit; Psidium guajava L.(구아바)
3rd row	* 샘플명은 추후 Codex 식품 분류 기준으로 정리예정임
4th row	1,8-cineol
5th row	13-Day-old larvae

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
red	112	1.8%
pepper	102	1.6%
kimchi(irradiated	80	1.3%
egg	42	0.7%
beef	42	0.7%
pork	39	0.6%
soybean	37	0.6%
분말	36	0.6%
white	32	0.5%
건조	32	0.5%
Other values (2487)	5752	91.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3045	8.4%
e	2688	7.4%
a	2305	6.4%
i	1875	5.2%
r	1806	5.0%
o	1403	3.9%
s	1323	3.7%
t	1272	3.5%
n	1236	3.4%
c	1058	2.9%
Other values (578)	18150	50.2%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	22441	62.1%
Other Letter	6909	19.1%
Space Separator	3045	8.4%
Uppercase Letter	1827	5.1%
Decimal Number	654	1.8%
Close Punctuation	372	1.0%
Open Punctuation	370	1.0%
Other Punctuation	303	0.8%
Dash Punctuation	225	0.6%
Math Symbol	6	< 0.1%
Other values (3)	9	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
고	196	2.8%
기	158	2.3%
리	154	2.2%
지	130	1.9%
추	129	1.9%
분	113	1.6%
이	110	1.6%
파	97	1.4%
자	89	1.3%
수	87	1.3%
Other values (493)	5646	81.7%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	2688	12.0%
a	2305	10.3%
i	1875	8.4%
r	1806	8.0%
o	1403	6.3%
s	1323	5.9%
t	1272	5.7%
n	1236	5.5%
c	1058	4.7%
l	1056	4.7%
Other values (19)	6419	28.6%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
C	179	9.8%
A	138	7.6%
S	131	7.2%
B	126	6.9%
P	125	6.8%
K	118	6.5%
I	111	6.1%
M	107	5.9%
G	93	5.1%
E	91	5.0%
Other values (15)	608	33.3%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	134	20.5%
2	119	18.2%
0	107	16.4%
3	66	10.1%
9	50	7.6%
4	46	7.0%
5	45	6.9%
8	34	5.2%
7	30	4.6%
6	23	3.5%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
,	114	37.6%
.	106	35.0%
%	28	9.2%
/	21	6.9%
'	18	5.9%
:	7	2.3%
;	4	1.3%
&	3	1.0%
*	2	0.7%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	368	98.9%
]	4	1.1%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	366	98.9%
[	4	1.1%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
+	4	66.7%
~	2	33.3%

Letter Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ⅰ	1	50.0%
Ⅱ	1	50.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3045	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	225	100.0%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
^	4	100.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	3	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	24255	67.1%
Hangul	6909	19.1%
Common	4982	13.8%
Greek	15	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
고	196	2.8%
기	158	2.3%
리	154	2.2%
지	130	1.9%
추	129	1.9%
분	113	1.6%
이	110	1.6%
파	97	1.4%
자	89	1.3%
수	87	1.3%
Other values (493)	5646	81.7%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	2688	11.1%
a	2305	9.5%
i	1875	7.7%
r	1806	7.4%
o	1403	5.8%
s	1323	5.5%
t	1272	5.2%
n	1236	5.1%
c	1058	4.4%
l	1056	4.4%
Other values (43)	8233	33.9%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3045	61.1%
)	368	7.4%
(	366	7.3%
-	225	4.5%
1	134	2.7%
2	119	2.4%
,	114	2.3%
0	107	2.1%
.	106	2.1%
3	66	1.3%
Other values (19)	332	6.7%

Greek

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
α	9	60.0%
μ	3	20.0%
β	3	20.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	29235	80.8%
Hangul	6909	19.1%
None	15	< 0.1%
Number Forms	2	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	3045	10.4%
e	2688	9.2%
a	2305	7.9%
i	1875	6.4%
r	1806	6.2%
o	1403	4.8%
s	1323	4.5%
t	1272	4.4%
n	1236	4.2%
c	1058	3.6%
Other values (70)	11224	38.4%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
고	196	2.8%
기	158	2.3%
리	154	2.2%
지	130	1.9%
추	129	1.9%
분	113	1.6%
이	110	1.6%
파	97	1.4%
자	89	1.3%
수	87	1.3%
Other values (493)	5646	81.7%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
α	9	60.0%
μ	3	20.0%
β	3	20.0%

Number Forms

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ⅰ	1	50.0%
Ⅱ	1	50.0%

분류군
Categorical

Distinct	26
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

기타 (Etc)	1098
채소 및 채소류 (Vegetables and Vegetable Products)	544
과실류 및 과일 주스 (Fruits and Fruit Juices)	334
향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	262
어패류 (Finfish and Shellfish Products)	154
Other values (21)	869

Length

Max length	44
Median length	38
Mean length	25.308188
Min length	8

Unique

Unique	3 ?
Unique (%)	0.1%

Sample

1st row	과실류 및 과일 주스 (Fruits and Fruit Juices)
2nd row	과실류 및 과일 주스 (Fruits and Fruit Juices)
3rd row	기타 (Etc)
4th row	기타 (Etc)
5th row	기타 (Etc)

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
기타 (Etc)	1098	33.7%
채소 및 채소류 (Vegetables and Vegetable Products)	544	16.7%
과실류 및 과일 주스 (Fruits and Fruit Juices)	334	10.2%
향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	262	8.0%
어패류 (Finfish and Shellfish Products)	154	4.7%
쇠고기 제품 (Beef Products)	134	4.1%
콩류 및 그 제품 (legume-products-icon)	99	3.0%
곡류 및 제품 (Cereal Grains and Pasta)	97	3.0%
돼지고기 제품 (Pork Products)	90	2.8%
유제품류 및 난류 (Dairy and Egg Products)	88	2.7%
Other values (16)	361	11.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
and	1653	10.6%
및	1592	10.2%
products	1198	7.7%
기타	1113	7.2%
etc	1098	7.1%
채소	544	3.5%
채소류	544	3.5%
vegetables	544	3.5%
vegetable	544	3.5%
제품	519	3.3%
Other values (79)	6212	39.9%

원산지
Categorical

IMBALANCE

Distinct	28
Distinct (%)	0.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

<NA>	3206
korea	27
한국	3
-	1
korea(대전)	1
Other values (23)	23

Length

Max length	23
Median length	4
Mean length	4.0371052
Min length	1

Unique

Unique	25 ?
Unique (%)	0.8%

Sample

1st row	<NA>
2nd row	<NA>
3rd row	<NA>
4th row	<NA>
5th row	<NA>

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
<NA>	3206	98.3%
korea	27	0.8%
한국	3	0.1%
-	1	< 0.1%
korea(대전)	1	< 0.1%
thailand	1	< 0.1%
국내산	1	< 0.1%
Korea	1	< 0.1%
한국산	1	< 0.1%
kprea	1	< 0.1%
Other values (18)	18	0.6%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
na	3206	98.0%
korea	28	0.9%
한국	3	0.1%
spain	1	< 0.1%
los	1	< 0.1%
angeles	1	< 0.1%
china	1	< 0.1%
tunis	1	< 0.1%
경기도	1	< 0.1%
안성시	1	< 0.1%
Other values (28)	28	0.9%

형태
Categorical

IMBALANCE

Distinct	9
Distinct (%)	0.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

<NA>	3244
dried	3
고체	3
분말	3
dry	3
Other values (4)	5

Length

Max length	9
Median length	4
Mean length	4
Min length	2

Unique

Unique	3 ?
Unique (%)	0.1%

Sample

1st row	<NA>
2nd row	<NA>
3rd row	<NA>
4th row	<NA>
5th row	<NA>

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
<NA>	3244	99.5%
dried	3	0.1%
고체	3	0.1%
분말	3	0.1%
dry	3	0.1%
powder	2	0.1%
compoi\u	1	< 0.1%
Extracted	1	< 0.1%
raw	1	< 0.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
na	3244	99.5%
dried	3	0.1%
고체	3	0.1%
분말	3	0.1%
dry	3	0.1%
powder	2	0.1%
compoi\u	1	< 0.1%
extracted	1	< 0.1%
raw	1	< 0.1%

부위
Text

MISSING

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	83.3%
Missing	3255
Missing (%)	99.8%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	11
Median length	7.5
Mean length	6.1666667
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	37
Distinct characters	17
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	3 ?
Distinct blocks	2 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	4 ?
Unique (%)	66.7%

Sample

1st row	leaf
2nd row	닭고기
3rd row	ground pork
4th row	ground pork
5th row	peel

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ground	2	25.0%
pork	2	25.0%
leaf	1	12.5%
닭고기	1	12.5%
peel	1	12.5%
loin	1	12.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
o	5	13.5%
r	4	10.8%
p	3	8.1%
e	3	8.1%
n	3	8.1%
l	3	8.1%
g	2	5.4%
k	2	5.4%
	2	5.4%
d	2	5.4%
Other values (7)	8	21.6%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	32	86.5%
Other Letter	3	8.1%
Space Separator	2	5.4%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
o	5	15.6%
r	4	12.5%
p	3	9.4%
e	3	9.4%
n	3	9.4%
l	3	9.4%
g	2	6.2%
k	2	6.2%
d	2	6.2%
u	2	6.2%
Other values (3)	3	9.4%

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
닭	1	33.3%
고	1	33.3%
기	1	33.3%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	32	86.5%
Hangul	3	8.1%
Common	2	5.4%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
o	5	15.6%
r	4	12.5%
p	3	9.4%
e	3	9.4%
n	3	9.4%
l	3	9.4%
g	2	6.2%
k	2	6.2%
d	2	6.2%
u	2	6.2%
Other values (3)	3	9.4%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
닭	1	33.3%
고	1	33.3%
기	1	33.3%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	34	91.9%
Hangul	3	8.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
o	5	14.7%
r	4	11.8%
p	3	8.8%
e	3	8.8%
n	3	8.8%
l	3	8.8%
g	2	5.9%
k	2	5.9%
	2	5.9%
d	2	5.9%
Other values (4)	5	14.7%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
닭	1	33.3%
고	1	33.3%
기	1	33.3%

숙주명
Text

MISSING

Distinct	10
Distinct (%)	90.9%
Missing	3250
Missing (%)	99.7%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	26
Median length	13
Mean length	12.818182
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	141
Distinct characters	31
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	9 ?
Unique (%)	81.8%

Sample

1st row	sweetpotato
2nd row	citrus fruit
3rd row	Citrus fruit
4th row	sweet potato tuberous root
5th row	Mango, papaya,Lychee

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
rice	3	13.6%
fruit	2	9.1%
beans	2	9.1%
citrus	2	9.1%
sweet	1	4.5%
potato	1	4.5%
tuberous	1	4.5%
root	1	4.5%
sweetpotato	1	4.5%
papaya,lychee	1	4.5%
Other values (7)	7	31.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	16	11.3%
t	13	9.2%
r	11	7.8%
	11	7.8%
a	10	7.1%
i	9	6.4%
o	9	6.4%
u	8	5.7%
s	8	5.7%
n	7	5.0%
Other values (21)	39	27.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	120	85.1%
Space Separator	11	7.8%
Uppercase Letter	7	5.0%
Other Punctuation	3	2.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	16	13.3%
t	13	10.8%
r	11	9.2%
a	10	8.3%
i	9	7.5%
o	9	7.5%
u	8	6.7%
s	8	6.7%
n	7	5.8%
c	5	4.2%
Other values (12)	24	20.0%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
P	1	14.3%
O	1	14.3%
M	1	14.3%
A	1	14.3%
L	1	14.3%
C	1	14.3%
B	1	14.3%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	11	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
,	3	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	127	90.1%
Common	14	9.9%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	16	12.6%
t	13	10.2%
r	11	8.7%
a	10	7.9%
i	9	7.1%
o	9	7.1%
u	8	6.3%
s	8	6.3%
n	7	5.5%
c	5	3.9%
Other values (19)	31	24.4%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	11	78.6%
,	3	21.4%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	141	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	16	11.3%
t	13	9.2%
r	11	7.8%
	11	7.8%
a	10	7.1%
i	9	6.4%
o	9	6.4%
u	8	5.7%
s	8	5.7%
n	7	5.0%
Other values (21)	39	27.7%

숙주분류군
Categorical

IMBALANCE

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	0.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

<NA>	3252
과실류_및_과일_주스_(Fruits_and_Fruit_Juices)	3
곡류_및_제품 (Cereal_Grains_and_Pasta)	3
채소_및_채소류 (Vegetables_and_Vegetable_Products)	2
기타_(Etc)	1

Length

Max length	44
Median length	4
Mean length	4.0827967
Min length	4

Unique

Unique	1 ?
Unique (%)	< 0.1%

Sample

1st row	<NA>
2nd row	<NA>
3rd row	<NA>
4th row	<NA>
5th row	<NA>

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
<NA>	3252	99.7%
과실류_및_과일_주스_(Fruits_and_Fruit_Juices)	3	0.1%
곡류_및_제품 (Cereal_Grains_and_Pasta)	3	0.1%
채소_및_채소류 (Vegetables_and_Vegetable_Products)	2	0.1%
기타_(Etc)	1	< 0.1%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
na	3252	99.6%
과실류_및_과일_주스_(fruits_and_fruit_juices	3	0.1%
곡류_및_제품	3	0.1%
cereal_grains_and_pasta	3	0.1%
채소_및_채소류	2	0.1%
vegetables_and_vegetable_products	2	0.1%
기타_(etc	1	< 0.1%

숙주원신지
Text

CONSTANT MISSING

Distinct	1
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	3260
Missing (%)	> 99.9%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	6
Median length	6
Mean length	6
Min length	6

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	6
Distinct characters	4
Distinct categories	2 ?
Distinct scripts	1 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	1 ?
Unique (%)	100.0%

Sample

1st row	Hawaii

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
hawaii	1	100.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2	33.3%
i	2	33.3%
H	1	16.7%
w	1	16.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	5	83.3%
Uppercase Letter	1	16.7%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2	40.0%
i	2	40.0%
w	1	20.0%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
H	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	6	100.0%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2	33.3%
i	2	33.3%
H	1	16.7%
w	1	16.7%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	6	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	2	33.3%
i	2	33.3%
H	1	16.7%
w	1	16.7%

원문명
Text

Distinct	1542
Distinct (%)	47.3%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	233
Median length	161
Mean length	92.285495
Min length	15

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	300943
Distinct characters	554
Distinct categories	15 ?
Distinct scripts	5 ?
Distinct blocks	10 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	968 ?
Unique (%)	29.7%

Sample

1st row	Ionizing radiation treatment to improve postharvest life and maintain quality of fresh guava fruit
2nd row	Ionizing radiation treatment to improve postharvest life and maintain quality of fresh guava fruit
3rd row	방사선(放射線) 조사(照射)에 의한 수세된 수삼(水蔘)의 저장(貯藏)
4th row	Effects of y Irradiation on the Volatile Compounds of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber oficinale Roscoe)
5th row	Effect of gamma irradiation on food consumption, assimilation and digestive enzymes in Ephestia cautella (Walker) larvae

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
of	3693	8.3%
and	2086	4.7%
on	1371	3.1%
irradiation	1302	2.9%
gamma	1097	2.5%
the	876	2.0%
in	783	1.8%
effect	696	1.6%
radiation	499	1.1%
effects	449	1.0%
Other values (4147)	31488	71.0%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	41274	13.7%
a	22897	7.6%
i	21707	7.2%
e	19473	6.5%
o	19292	6.4%
t	16862	5.6%
n	16309	5.4%
r	14903	5.0%
s	10145	3.4%
d	9125	3.0%
Other values (544)	108956	36.2%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	209769	69.7%
Space Separator	41274	13.7%
Uppercase Letter	25154	8.4%
Other Letter	18849	6.3%
Other Punctuation	1931	0.6%
Dash Punctuation	1536	0.5%
Open Punctuation	843	0.3%
Close Punctuation	842	0.3%
Decimal Number	666	0.2%
Other Number	22	< 0.1%
Other values (5)	57	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	1060	5.6%
사	814	4.3%
선	778	4.1%
조	708	3.8%
에	522	2.8%
성	465	2.5%
감	455	2.4%
마	409	2.2%
한	402	2.1%
미	401	2.1%
Other values (443)	12835	68.1%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	22897	10.9%
i	21707	10.3%
e	19473	9.3%
o	19292	9.2%
t	16862	8.0%
n	16309	7.8%
r	14903	7.1%
s	10145	4.8%
d	9125	4.4%
c	8723	4.2%
Other values (21)	50333	24.0%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
E	2615	10.4%
I	2319	9.2%
A	1824	7.3%
S	1786	7.1%
R	1727	6.9%
T	1591	6.3%
C	1580	6.3%
P	1484	5.9%
O	1227	4.9%
F	1057	4.2%
Other values (17)	7944	31.6%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
,	998	51.7%
.	398	20.6%
:	347	18.0%
/	40	2.1%
·	40	2.1%
*	36	1.9%
†	27	1.4%
'	19	1.0%
;	13	0.7%
&	10	0.5%
Other values (3)	3	0.2%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	172	25.8%
7	169	25.4%
5	102	15.3%
0	63	9.5%
2	53	8.0%
6	36	5.4%
3	28	4.2%
4	18	2.7%
8	13	2.0%
9	12	1.8%

Other Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
₃	16	72.7%
₁	5	22.7%
₂	1	4.5%

Other Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
°	12	63.2%
℃	4	21.1%
☆	3	15.8%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
±	4	44.4%
~	3	33.3%
+	2	22.2%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	835	99.1%
[	8	0.9%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	834	99.0%
]	8	1.0%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	11	73.3%
”	4	26.7%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
‘	8	66.7%
“	4	33.3%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	41274	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	1536	100.0%

Letter Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ⅰ	2	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	234716	78.0%
Common	47169	15.7%
Hangul	18526	6.2%
Han	323	0.1%
Greek	209	0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	1060	5.7%
사	814	4.4%
선	778	4.2%
조	708	3.8%
에	522	2.8%
성	465	2.5%
감	455	2.5%
마	409	2.2%
한	402	2.2%
미	401	2.2%
Other values (365)	12512	67.5%

Han

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
射	38	11.8%
線	30	9.3%
照	21	6.5%
放	17	5.3%
貯	12	3.7%
藏	12	3.7%
生	9	2.8%
性	8	2.5%
處	7	2.2%
影	7	2.2%
Other values (68)	162	50.2%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	22897	9.8%
i	21707	9.2%
e	19473	8.3%
o	19292	8.2%
t	16862	7.2%
n	16309	6.9%
r	14903	6.3%
s	10145	4.3%
d	9125	3.9%
c	8723	3.7%
Other values (44)	75280	32.1%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	41274	87.5%
-	1536	3.3%
,	998	2.1%
(	835	1.8%
)	834	1.8%
.	398	0.8%
:	347	0.7%
1	172	0.4%
7	169	0.4%
5	102	0.2%
Other values (32)	504	1.1%

Greek

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
γ	150	71.8%
α	34	16.3%
β	21	10.0%
λ	3	1.4%
δ	1	0.5%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	281742	93.6%
Hangul	18521	6.2%
CJK	315	0.1%
None	288	0.1%
Punctuation	55	< 0.1%
CJK Compat Ideographs	8	< 0.1%
Compat Jamo	5	< 0.1%
Letterlike Symbols	4	< 0.1%
Misc Symbols	3	< 0.1%
Number Forms	2	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	41274	14.6%
a	22897	8.1%
i	21707	7.7%
e	19473	6.9%
o	19292	6.8%
t	16862	6.0%
n	16309	5.8%
r	14903	5.3%
s	10145	3.6%
d	9125	3.2%
Other values (70)	89755	31.9%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	1060	5.7%
사	814	4.4%
선	778	4.2%
조	708	3.8%
에	522	2.8%
성	465	2.5%
감	455	2.5%
마	409	2.2%
한	402	2.2%
미	401	2.2%
Other values (364)	12507	67.5%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
γ	150	52.1%
·	40	13.9%
α	34	11.8%
β	21	7.3%
₃	16	5.6%
°	12	4.2%
₁	5	1.7%
±	4	1.4%
λ	3	1.0%
Ｘ	1	0.3%
Other values (2)	2	0.7%

CJK

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
射	38	12.1%
線	30	9.5%
照	21	6.7%
放	17	5.4%
貯	12	3.8%
藏	12	3.8%
生	9	2.9%
性	8	2.5%
處	7	2.2%
影	7	2.2%
Other values (66)	154	48.9%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
†	27	49.1%
’	11	20.0%
‘	8	14.5%
”	4	7.3%
“	4	7.3%
′	1	1.8%

CJK Compat Ideographs

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
理	6	75.0%
利	2	25.0%

Compat Jamo

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ㆍ	5	100.0%

Letterlike Symbols

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
℃	4	100.0%

Misc Symbols

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
☆	3	100.0%

Number Forms

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ⅰ	2	100.0%

저자
Text

Distinct	1517
Distinct (%)	46.6%
Missing	4
Missing (%)	0.1%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	1024
Median length	154
Mean length	49.227203
Min length	2

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	160333
Distinct characters	299
Distinct categories	11 ?
Distinct scripts	5 ?
Distinct blocks	8 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	941 ?
Unique (%)	28.9%

Sample

1st row	SP Singh, RK Pal
2nd row	SP Singh, RK Pal
3rd row	조한옥,변명우,권중호,이재원
4th row	Jia-Jiu Wu,Jui-Sen Yang
5th row	S.A. Boshra

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	525	2.6%
a	356	1.8%
m	284	1.4%
kim	245	1.2%
s	179	0.9%
r	144	0.7%
e	128	0.6%
j	124	0.6%
c	113	0.6%
byun	113	0.6%
Other values (5980)	17704	88.9%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	16803	10.5%
a	11298	7.0%
,	10940	6.8%
n	7922	4.9%
e	7428	4.6%
i	6658	4.2%
o	6082	3.8%
.	5694	3.6%
r	4459	2.8%
u	4442	2.8%
Other values (289)	78607	49.0%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	74065	46.2%
Uppercase Letter	38975	24.3%
Space Separator	16803	10.5%
Other Punctuation	16730	10.4%
Other Letter	11335	7.1%
Dash Punctuation	2384	1.5%
Decimal Number	21	< 0.1%
Modifier Symbol	11	< 0.1%
Final Punctuation	5	< 0.1%
Close Punctuation	3	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
김	807	7.1%
이	601	5.3%
정	413	3.6%
호	362	3.2%
영	362	3.2%
재	321	2.8%
우	315	2.8%
명	315	2.8%
변	280	2.5%
권	270	2.4%
Other values (216)	7289	64.3%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	11298	15.3%
n	7922	10.7%
e	7428	10.0%
i	6658	9.0%
o	6082	8.2%
r	4459	6.0%
u	4442	6.0%
h	3336	4.5%
l	2873	3.9%
g	2687	3.6%
Other values (18)	16880	22.8%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
A	3889	10.0%
S	3074	7.9%
M	3017	7.7%
H	2697	6.9%
K	2306	5.9%
J	2185	5.6%
R	2003	5.1%
L	1978	5.1%
E	1741	4.5%
N	1626	4.2%
Other values (17)	14459	37.1%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
,	10940	65.4%
.	5694	34.0%
;	47	0.3%
*	22	0.1%
·	10	0.1%
'	7	< 0.1%
&	6	< 0.1%
/	4	< 0.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	11	52.4%
4	6	28.6%
2	2	9.5%
3	2	9.5%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	16803	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	2384	100.0%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
´	11	100.0%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	5	100.0%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
]	3	100.0%

Control

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	113006	70.5%
Common	35958	22.4%
Hangul	11284	7.0%
Han	51	< 0.1%
Cyrillic	34	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
김	807	7.2%
이	601	5.3%
정	413	3.7%
호	362	3.2%
영	362	3.2%
재	321	2.8%
우	315	2.8%
명	315	2.8%
변	280	2.5%
권	270	2.4%
Other values (187)	7238	64.1%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
a	11298	10.0%
n	7922	7.0%
e	7428	6.6%
i	6658	5.9%
o	6082	5.4%
r	4459	3.9%
u	4442	3.9%
A	3889	3.4%
h	3336	3.0%
S	3074	2.7%
Other values (44)	54418	48.2%

Han

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
玉	4	7.8%
漢	4	7.8%
權	4	7.8%
趙	3	5.9%
重	3	5.9%
浩	3	5.9%
邊	3	5.9%
明	3	5.9%
宇	3	5.9%
金	2	3.9%
Other values (19)	19	37.3%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	16803	46.7%
,	10940	30.4%
.	5694	15.8%
-	2384	6.6%
;	47	0.1%
*	22	0.1%
´	11	< 0.1%
1	11	< 0.1%
·	10	< 0.1%
'	7	< 0.1%
Other values (8)	29	0.1%

Cyrillic

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
М	34	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	148916	92.9%
Hangul	11279	7.0%
CJK	50	< 0.1%
None	43	< 0.1%
Cyrillic	34	< 0.1%
Punctuation	5	< 0.1%
Compat Jamo	5	< 0.1%
CJK Compat Ideographs	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	16803	11.3%
a	11298	7.6%
,	10940	7.3%
n	7922	5.3%
e	7428	5.0%
i	6658	4.5%
o	6082	4.1%
.	5694	3.8%
r	4459	3.0%
u	4442	3.0%
Other values (57)	67190	45.1%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
김	807	7.2%
이	601	5.3%
정	413	3.7%
호	362	3.2%
영	362	3.2%
재	321	2.8%
우	315	2.8%
명	315	2.8%
변	280	2.5%
권	270	2.4%
Other values (186)	7233	64.1%

Cyrillic

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
М	34	100.0%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
´	11	25.6%
ı	11	25.6%
ł	11	25.6%
·	10	23.3%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	5	100.0%

Compat Jamo

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ㆍ	5	100.0%

CJK

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
玉	4	8.0%
漢	4	8.0%
權	4	8.0%
趙	3	6.0%
重	3	6.0%
浩	3	6.0%
邊	3	6.0%
明	3	6.0%
宇	3	6.0%
金	2	4.0%
Other values (18)	18	36.0%

CJK Compat Ideographs

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
烈	1	100.0%

게재지
Text

Distinct	458
Distinct (%)	14.1%
Missing	3
Missing (%)	0.1%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	156
Median length	81
Mean length	27.560467
Min length	4

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	89792
Distinct characters	213
Distinct categories	12 ?
Distinct scripts	4 ?
Distinct blocks	5 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	222 ?
Unique (%)	6.8%

Sample

1st row	Radiation physics and chemistry
2nd row	Radiation physics and chemistry
3rd row	Applied Biological Chemistry
4th row	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
5th row	Journal of Stored Products Research

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
of	1411	11.3%
food	1330	10.6%
journal	1244	9.9%
and	1070	8.5%
science	644	5.1%
chemistry	589	4.7%
radiation	392	3.1%
physics	352	2.8%
한국식품영양과학회지	227	1.8%
nutrition	203	1.6%
Other values (535)	5053	40.4%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
o	9641	10.7%
	9260	10.3%
n	6125	6.8%
i	5313	5.9%
a	5116	5.7%
e	4811	5.4%
r	4208	4.7%
t	3981	4.4%
c	3557	4.0%
l	3192	3.6%
Other values (203)	34588	38.5%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	62089	69.1%
Uppercase Letter	10541	11.7%
Space Separator	9260	10.3%
Other Letter	6764	7.5%
Decimal Number	483	0.5%
Other Punctuation	281	0.3%
Dash Punctuation	214	0.2%
Math Symbol	68	0.1%
Open Punctuation	42	< 0.1%
Close Punctuation	42	< 0.1%
Other values (2)	8	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
학	748	11.1%
회	636	9.4%
지	614	9.1%
국	590	8.7%
한	590	8.7%
식	563	8.3%
품	544	8.0%
과	439	6.5%
영	238	3.5%
양	237	3.5%
Other values (127)	1565	23.1%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
o	9641	15.5%
n	6125	9.9%
i	5313	8.6%
a	5116	8.2%
e	4811	7.7%
r	4208	6.8%
t	3981	6.4%
c	3557	5.7%
l	3192	5.1%
d	3144	5.1%
Other values (16)	13001	20.9%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
F	1302	12.4%
J	1228	11.6%
C	1057	10.0%
S	859	8.1%
P	814	7.7%
A	740	7.0%
R	708	6.7%
E	573	5.4%
I	494	4.7%
T	414	3.9%
Other values (16)	2352	22.3%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	105	21.7%
0	72	14.9%
2	54	11.2%
3	51	10.6%
5	46	9.5%
6	42	8.7%
7	40	8.3%
8	27	5.6%
9	26	5.4%
4	20	4.1%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
,	101	35.9%
.	60	21.4%
&	55	19.6%
:	48	17.1%
'	7	2.5%
;	6	2.1%
/	4	1.4%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	9260	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	214	100.0%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
=	68	100.0%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	42	100.0%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	42	100.0%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
“	4	100.0%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
”	4	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	72630	80.9%
Common	10398	11.6%
Hangul	6705	7.5%
Han	59	0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
학	748	11.2%
회	636	9.5%
지	614	9.2%
국	590	8.8%
한	590	8.8%
식	563	8.4%
품	544	8.1%
과	439	6.5%
영	238	3.5%
양	237	3.5%
Other values (110)	1506	22.5%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
o	9641	13.3%
n	6125	8.4%
i	5313	7.3%
a	5116	7.0%
e	4811	6.6%
r	4208	5.8%
t	3981	5.5%
c	3557	4.9%
l	3192	4.4%
d	3144	4.3%
Other values (42)	23542	32.4%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	9260	89.1%
-	214	2.1%
1	105	1.0%
,	101	1.0%
0	72	0.7%
=	68	0.7%
.	60	0.6%
&	55	0.5%
2	54	0.5%
3	51	0.5%
Other values (14)	358	3.4%

Han

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
學	9	15.3%
誌	5	8.5%
農	4	6.8%
北	4	6.8%
大	4	6.8%
環	4	6.8%
境	4	6.8%
科	4	6.8%
論	4	6.8%
文	4	6.8%
Other values (7)	13	22.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	83020	92.5%
Hangul	6705	7.5%
CJK	55	0.1%
Punctuation	8	< 0.1%
CJK Compat Ideographs	4	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
o	9641	11.6%
	9260	11.2%
n	6125	7.4%
i	5313	6.4%
a	5116	6.2%
e	4811	5.8%
r	4208	5.1%
t	3981	4.8%
c	3557	4.3%
l	3192	3.8%
Other values (64)	27816	33.5%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
학	748	11.2%
회	636	9.5%
지	614	9.2%
국	590	8.8%
한	590	8.8%
식	563	8.4%
품	544	8.1%
과	439	6.5%
영	238	3.5%
양	237	3.5%
Other values (110)	1506	22.5%

CJK

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
學	9	16.4%
誌	5	9.1%
農	4	7.3%
北	4	7.3%
大	4	7.3%
環	4	7.3%
境	4	7.3%
科	4	7.3%
文	4	7.3%
集	4	7.3%
Other values (6)	9	16.4%

CJK Compat Ideographs

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
論	4	100.0%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
“	4	50.0%
”	4	50.0%

원문링크
Text

Distinct	1546
Distinct (%)	47.4%
Missing	2
Missing (%)	0.1%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	1024
Median length	362
Mean length	67.234121
Min length	12

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	219116
Distinct characters	78
Distinct categories	10 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	975 ?
Unique (%)	29.9%

Sample

1st row	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X08002326
2nd row	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X08002326
3rd row	https://academic.naver.com/article.naver - doc_id=38207108
4th row	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00047a038
5th row	http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022474X05000755

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	1108	20.2%
https://academic.naver.com/article.naver	500	9.1%
via%3dihub	219	4.0%
http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/search/detail/article/articlesearchresultdetail.do	122	2.2%
doc_id=187806017	80	1.5%
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/s0956713508001059	40	0.7%
http://koreascience.or.kr/journal/view.jsp	34	0.6%
http://www.riss.kr/search/detail/detailview.do	34	0.6%
http://www.iaea.org/inis/collection/nclcollectionstore/_public/23/027/23027665.pdf#page=131	34	0.6%
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00047a038	30	0.5%
Other values (1587)	3274	59.8%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
/	15797	7.2%
e	12955	5.9%
i	12718	5.8%
t	11610	5.3%
0	11339	5.2%
.	10038	4.6%
c	9603	4.4%
r	8428	3.8%
1	7737	3.5%
a	7283	3.3%
Other values (68)	111608	50.9%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	121295	55.4%
Decimal Number	47521	21.7%
Other Punctuation	32634	14.9%
Uppercase Letter	9527	4.3%
Dash Punctuation	2686	1.2%
Space Separator	2216	1.0%
Math Symbol	1465	0.7%
Connector Punctuation	1280	0.6%
Open Punctuation	246	0.1%
Close Punctuation	246	0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	12955	10.7%
i	12718	10.5%
t	11610	9.6%
c	9603	7.9%
r	8428	6.9%
a	7283	6.0%
o	6851	5.6%
p	5999	4.9%
n	5404	4.5%
l	5375	4.4%
Other values (16)	35069	28.9%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
S	1342	14.1%
E	1210	12.7%
D	1142	12.0%
A	1006	10.6%
C	808	8.5%
X	614	6.4%
B	563	5.9%
O	542	5.7%
N	467	4.9%
R	301	3.2%
Other values (16)	1532	16.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	11339	23.9%
1	7737	16.3%
2	4236	8.9%
9	3993	8.4%
6	3874	8.2%
3	3756	7.9%
8	3674	7.7%
4	3078	6.5%
5	2989	6.3%
7	2845	6.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
/	15797	48.4%
.	10038	30.8%
:	3299	10.1%
%	2945	9.0%
&	427	1.3%
#	96	0.3%
*	12	< 0.1%
;	12	< 0.1%
,	8	< 0.1%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
=	1375	93.9%
+	90	6.1%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	2686	100.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	2216	100.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	1280	100.0%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	246	100.0%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	246	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	130822	59.7%
Common	88294	40.3%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	12955	9.9%
i	12718	9.7%
t	11610	8.9%
c	9603	7.3%
r	8428	6.4%
a	7283	5.6%
o	6851	5.2%
p	5999	4.6%
n	5404	4.1%
l	5375	4.1%
Other values (42)	44596	34.1%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
/	15797	17.9%
0	11339	12.8%
.	10038	11.4%
1	7737	8.8%
2	4236	4.8%
9	3993	4.5%
6	3874	4.4%
3	3756	4.3%
8	3674	4.2%
:	3299	3.7%
Other values (16)	20551	23.3%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	219116	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
/	15797	7.2%
e	12955	5.9%
i	12718	5.8%
t	11610	5.3%
0	11339	5.2%
.	10038	4.6%
c	9603	4.4%
r	8428	3.8%
1	7737	3.5%
a	7283	3.3%
Other values (68)	111608	50.9%

피인용지수1(Impact Factor)
Real number (ℝ)

MISSING

Distinct	70
Distinct (%)	7.7%
Missing	2357
Missing (%)	72.3%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	3.8296272

Minimum	1.963
Maximum	41.577
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	28.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1.963
5-th percentile	2.379
Q1	2.821
median	3.451
Q3	4.09
95-th percentile	5.158
Maximum	41.577
Range	39.614
Interquartile range (IQR)	1.269

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	2.2074235
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.57640688
Kurtosis	102.98426
Mean	3.8296272
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.639
Skewness	7.7628621
Sum	3461.983
Variance	4.8727184
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
3.667	136	4.2%
4.946	117	3.6%
2.383	116	3.6%
3.412	81	2.5%
3.451	62	1.9%
4.09	60	1.8%
2.821	54	1.7%
2.379	21	0.6%
14.357	18	0.6%
3.52	17	0.5%
Other values (60)	222	6.8%
(Missing)	2357	72.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.963	1	< 0.1%
1.968	1	< 0.1%
1.97	2	0.1%
2.011	1	< 0.1%
2.031	8	0.2%
2.047	2	0.1%
2.16	4	0.1%
2.173	2	0.1%
2.175	1	< 0.1%
2.201	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
41.577	1	< 0.1%
14.357	18	0.6%
9.523	4	0.1%
7.9	1	< 0.1%
6.02	11	0.3%
5.807	4	0.1%
5.789	2	0.1%
5.738	1	< 0.1%
5.554	1	< 0.1%
5.189	2	0.1%

피인용지수2(Eigen Factor)
Real number (ℝ)

MISSING

Distinct	68
Distinct (%)	7.5%
Missing	2357
Missing (%)	72.3%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.22804753

Minimum	0.00054
Maximum	1.86235
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	28.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0.00054
5-th percentile	0.00565
Q1	0.10112
median	0.1523
Q3	0.2808
95-th percentile	0.7417
Maximum	1.86235
Range	1.86181
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.17968

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.24140055
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.0585537
Kurtosis	2.9849409
Mean	0.22804753
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1285
Skewness	1.6031711
Sum	206.15497
Variance	0.058274227
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.2808	136	4.2%
0.10112	117	3.6%
0.00895	116	3.6%
0.7417	81	2.5%
0.2028	62	1.9%
0.124	60	1.8%
0.1523	54	1.7%
0.1737	21	0.6%
0.72853	18	0.6%
0.3282	17	0.5%
Other values (58)	222	6.8%
(Missing)	2357	72.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.00054	1	< 0.1%
0.001	3	0.1%
0.00109	1	< 0.1%
0.00226	2	0.1%
0.00247	14	0.4%
0.00276	2	0.1%
0.00324	4	0.1%
0.00357	4	0.1%
0.00414	8	0.2%
0.00435	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.86235	1	< 0.1%
1.35581	1	< 0.1%
0.9696	2	0.1%
0.8137	6	0.2%
0.7417	81	2.5%
0.72853	18	0.6%
0.7189	8	0.2%
0.6431	11	0.3%
0.5506	1	< 0.1%
0.5092	2	0.1%

색인인용디비(SCIE여부)
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

<NA>	1974
SCIE	1287

Length

Max length	4
Median length	4
Mean length	4
Min length	4

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	SCIE
2nd row	SCIE
3rd row	SCIE
4th row	SCIE
5th row	SCIE

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
<NA>	1974	60.5%
SCIE	1287	39.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Common Values (Plot)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
na	1974	60.5%
scie	1287	39.5%

게재년도
Real number (ℝ)

Distinct	56
Distinct (%)	1.7%
Missing	14
Missing (%)	0.4%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	2004.6043

Minimum	1950
Maximum	2019
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	28.8 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	1950
5-th percentile	1986
Q1	2001
median	2006
Q3	2012
95-th percentile	2017
Maximum	2019
Range	69
Interquartile range (IQR)	11

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	10.277338
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.0051268664
Kurtosis	5.6501905
Mean	2004.6043
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	6
Skewness	-1.8461298
Sum	6508950
Variance	105.62368
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2005	236	7.2%
2009	195	6.0%
2006	170	5.2%
2007	157	4.8%
2015	155	4.8%
2013	146	4.5%
2004	135	4.1%
2001	135	4.1%
2016	129	4.0%
2002	128	3.9%
Other values (46)	1661	50.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1950	20	0.6%
1964	5	0.2%
1966	8	0.2%
1967	4	0.1%
1968	2	0.1%
1969	4	0.1%
1970	4	0.1%
1971	5	0.2%
1972	4	0.1%
1973	9	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
2019	1	< 0.1%
2018	82	2.5%
2017	94	2.9%
2016	129	4.0%
2015	155	4.8%
2014	127	3.9%
2013	146	4.5%
2012	104	3.2%
2011	106	3.3%
2010	123	3.8%

권
Text

MISSING

Distinct	185
Distinct (%)	6.6%
Missing	444
Missing (%)	13.6%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	4
Median length	2
Mean length	2.0124246
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	5669
Distinct characters	15
Distinct categories	4 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	30 ?
Unique (%)	1.1%

Sample

1st row	78
2nd row	78
3rd row	29
4th row	42
5th row	43

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10	92	3.3%
42	79	2.8%
15	70	2.5%
30	70	2.5%
20	67	2.4%
28	59	2.1%
57	57	2.0%
65	51	1.8%
35	46	1.6%
8	43	1.5%
Other values (175)	2183	77.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	944	16.7%
2	656	11.6%
3	583	10.3%
6	554	9.8%
4	548	9.7%
7	546	9.6%
5	525	9.3%
0	505	8.9%
8	447	7.9%
9	356	6.3%
Other values (5)	5	0.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	5664	99.9%
Uppercase Letter	3	0.1%
Close Punctuation	1	< 0.1%
Other Punctuation	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	944	16.7%
2	656	11.6%
3	583	10.3%
6	554	9.8%
4	548	9.7%
7	546	9.6%
5	525	9.3%
0	505	8.9%
8	447	7.9%
9	356	6.3%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
L	1	33.3%
I	1	33.3%
X	1	33.3%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	1	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	5666	99.9%
Latin	3	0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	944	16.7%
2	656	11.6%
3	583	10.3%
6	554	9.8%
4	548	9.7%
7	546	9.6%
5	525	9.3%
0	505	8.9%
8	447	7.9%
9	356	6.3%
Other values (2)	2	< 0.1%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
L	1	33.3%
I	1	33.3%
X	1	33.3%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	5669	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	944	16.7%
2	656	11.6%
3	583	10.3%
6	554	9.8%
4	548	9.7%
7	546	9.6%
5	525	9.3%
0	505	8.9%
8	447	7.9%
9	356	6.3%
Other values (5)	5	0.1%

호
Text

MISSING

Distinct	60
Distinct (%)	2.4%
Missing	708
Missing (%)	21.7%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	7
Median length	1
Mean length	1.4398747
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	3676
Distinct characters	17
Distinct categories	6 ?
Distinct scripts	3 ?
Distinct blocks	2 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	26 ?
Unique (%)	1.0%

Sample

1st row	2
2nd row	2
3rd row	3
4th row	11
5th row	1

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	509	18.9%
3	416	15.4%
2	334	12.4%
4	322	11.9%
5	183	6.8%
6	179	6.6%
10	84	3.1%
7	84	3.1%
8	76	2.8%
11	72	2.7%
Other values (52)	437	16.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	884	24.0%
3	475	12.9%
2	436	11.9%
0	359	9.8%
4	357	9.7%
6	225	6.1%
5	220	6.0%
	143	3.9%
일	143	3.9%
월	143	3.9%
Other values (7)	291	7.9%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	3242	88.2%
Other Letter	286	7.8%
Space Separator	143	3.9%
Lowercase Letter	3	0.1%
Uppercase Letter	1	< 0.1%
Other Punctuation	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	884	27.3%
3	475	14.7%
2	436	13.4%
0	359	11.1%
4	357	11.0%
6	225	6.9%
5	220	6.8%
7	110	3.4%
8	98	3.0%
9	78	2.4%

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
일	143	50.0%
월	143	50.0%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
s	2	66.7%
p	1	33.3%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	143	100.0%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
B	1	100.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	3386	92.1%
Hangul	286	7.8%
Latin	4	0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	884	26.1%
3	475	14.0%
2	436	12.9%
0	359	10.6%
4	357	10.5%
6	225	6.6%
5	220	6.5%
	143	4.2%
7	110	3.2%
8	98	2.9%
Other values (2)	79	2.3%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
s	2	50.0%
B	1	25.0%
p	1	25.0%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
일	143	50.0%
월	143	50.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	3390	92.2%
Hangul	286	7.8%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	884	26.1%
3	475	14.0%
2	436	12.9%
0	359	10.6%
4	357	10.5%
6	225	6.6%
5	220	6.5%
	143	4.2%
7	110	3.2%
8	98	2.9%
Other values (5)	83	2.4%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
일	143	50.0%
월	143	50.0%

첫페이지
Text

MISSING

Distinct	749
Distinct (%)	26.0%
Missing	375
Missing (%)	11.5%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	8
Median length	3
Mean length	2.9348579
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	8470
Distinct characters	15
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	287 ?
Unique (%)	9.9%

Sample

1st row	135
2nd row	135
3rd row	288
4th row	2574
5th row	49

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
22	83	2.9%
200	40	1.4%
121	38	1.3%
1	34	1.2%
2574	30	1.0%
79	29	1.0%
581	28	1.0%
181	28	1.0%
291	23	0.8%
490	23	0.8%
Other values (739)	2530	87.7%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1531	18.1%
2	1189	14.0%
3	896	10.6%
4	763	9.0%
7	759	9.0%
9	736	8.7%
5	710	8.4%
8	674	8.0%
0	630	7.4%
6	553	6.5%
Other values (5)	29	0.3%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	8441	99.7%
Uppercase Letter	27	0.3%
Lowercase Letter	2	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1531	18.1%
2	1189	14.1%
3	896	10.6%
4	763	9.0%
7	759	9.0%
9	736	8.7%
5	710	8.4%
8	674	8.0%
0	630	7.5%
6	553	6.6%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
M	12	44.4%
S	8	29.6%
C	6	22.2%
E	1	3.7%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	2	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	8441	99.7%
Latin	29	0.3%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1531	18.1%
2	1189	14.1%
3	896	10.6%
4	763	9.0%
7	759	9.0%
9	736	8.7%
5	710	8.4%
8	674	8.0%
0	630	7.5%
6	553	6.6%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
M	12	41.4%
S	8	27.6%
C	6	20.7%
e	2	6.9%
E	1	3.4%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	8470	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1531	18.1%
2	1189	14.0%
3	896	10.6%
4	763	9.0%
7	759	9.0%
9	736	8.7%
5	710	8.4%
8	674	8.0%
0	630	7.4%
6	553	6.5%
Other values (5)	29	0.3%

끝페이지
Text

MISSING

Distinct	787
Distinct (%)	27.4%
Missing	384
Missing (%)	11.8%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	8
Median length	3
Mean length	2.950643
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	8489
Distinct characters	15
Distinct categories	3 ?
Distinct scripts	2 ?
Distinct blocks	1 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	300 ?
Unique (%)	10.4%

Sample

1st row	140
2nd row	140
3rd row	293
4th row	2577
5th row	52

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
28	82	2.9%
204	48	1.7%
132	35	1.2%
2577	30	1.0%
589	25	0.9%
288	24	0.8%
86	23	0.8%
885	21	0.7%
189	21	0.7%
69	21	0.7%
Other values (777)	2547	88.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1346	15.9%
2	1097	12.9%
3	896	10.6%
4	879	10.4%
8	820	9.7%
7	748	8.8%
5	743	8.8%
6	701	8.3%
9	682	8.0%
0	550	6.5%
Other values (5)	27	0.3%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	8462	99.7%
Uppercase Letter	26	0.3%
Lowercase Letter	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1346	15.9%
2	1097	13.0%
3	896	10.6%
4	879	10.4%
8	820	9.7%
7	748	8.8%
5	743	8.8%
6	701	8.3%
9	682	8.1%
0	550	6.5%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
M	12	46.2%
S	7	26.9%
C	6	23.1%
E	1	3.8%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	8462	99.7%
Latin	27	0.3%

Most frequent character per script

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1346	15.9%
2	1097	13.0%
3	896	10.6%
4	879	10.4%
8	820	9.7%
7	748	8.8%
5	743	8.8%
6	701	8.3%
9	682	8.1%
0	550	6.5%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
M	12	44.4%
S	7	25.9%
C	6	22.2%
e	1	3.7%
E	1	3.7%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	8489	100.0%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1	1346	15.9%
2	1097	12.9%
3	896	10.6%
4	879	10.4%
8	820	9.7%
7	748	8.8%
5	743	8.8%
6	701	8.3%
9	682	8.0%
0	550	6.5%
Other values (5)	27	0.3%

문서코드번호(PMID(doi))
Text

MISSING

Distinct	990
Distinct (%)	51.5%
Missing	1338
Missing (%)	41.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	111
Median length	55
Mean length	29.044722
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	55853
Distinct characters	78
Distinct categories	11 ?
Distinct scripts	3 ?
Distinct blocks	2 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	641 ?
Unique (%)	33.3%

Sample

1st row	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.09.007
2nd row	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.09.007
3rd row	10.1021/jf00047a038
4th row	10.1016/j.jspr.2005.11.001
5th row	10.1016/0925-5214(96)00004-X

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.04.005	40	2.1%
10.1021/jf00047a038	30	1.6%
10.1016/s0969-806x(00)00350-9	21	1.1%
10.1111/j.1365-2621.1950.tb16728.x	20	1.0%
10.4315/0362-028x-57.9.758	15	0.8%
10.1016/s0308-8146(03)00050-5	15	0.8%
10.1021/jf020739n	13	0.7%
10.1016/j.fm.2014.09.013	12	0.6%
10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.07.034	12	0.6%
10.1016/j.fm.2016.02.007	12	0.6%
Other values (984)	1745	90.2%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9852	17.6%
1	8517	15.2%
.	6876	12.3%
2	2875	5.1%
6	2831	5.1%
/	2359	4.2%
3	1823	3.3%
9	1648	3.0%
5	1647	2.9%
4	1513	2.7%
Other values (68)	15912	28.5%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Decimal Number	33287	59.6%
Lowercase Letter	10160	18.2%
Other Punctuation	9392	16.8%
Dash Punctuation	1342	2.4%
Uppercase Letter	954	1.7%
Open Punctuation	339	0.6%
Close Punctuation	337	0.6%
Space Separator	15	< 0.1%
Connector Punctuation	15	< 0.1%
Math Symbol	9	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
j	1276	12.6%
o	1026	10.1%
h	707	7.0%
d	697	6.9%
t	633	6.2%
c	572	5.6%
e	548	5.4%
s	546	5.4%
r	521	5.1%
f	520	5.1%
Other values (16)	3114	30.6%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
X	273	28.6%
S	267	28.0%
A	50	5.2%
J	47	4.9%
E	45	4.7%
P	43	4.5%
C	43	4.5%
I	32	3.4%
F	30	3.1%
B	20	2.1%
Other values (14)	104	10.9%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9852	29.6%
1	8517	25.6%
2	2875	8.6%
6	2831	8.5%
3	1823	5.5%
9	1648	5.0%
5	1647	4.9%
4	1513	4.5%
8	1346	4.0%
7	1235	3.7%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	6876	73.2%
/	2359	25.1%
:	148	1.6%
;	4	< 0.1%
%	3	< 0.1%
,	2	< 0.1%

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ㅔ	1	33.3%
ㄴ	1	33.3%
ㅓ	1	33.3%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	336	99.1%
[	3	0.9%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	334	99.1%
]	3	0.9%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
<	8	88.9%
>	1	11.1%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	1342	100.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	15	100.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	15	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Common	44736	80.1%
Latin	11114	19.9%
Hangul	3	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
j	1276	11.5%
o	1026	9.2%
h	707	6.4%
d	697	6.3%
t	633	5.7%
c	572	5.1%
e	548	4.9%
s	546	4.9%
r	521	4.7%
f	520	4.7%
Other values (40)	4068	36.6%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9852	22.0%
1	8517	19.0%
.	6876	15.4%
2	2875	6.4%
6	2831	6.3%
/	2359	5.3%
3	1823	4.1%
9	1648	3.7%
5	1647	3.7%
4	1513	3.4%
Other values (15)	4795	10.7%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ㅔ	1	33.3%
ㄴ	1	33.3%
ㅓ	1	33.3%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	55850	> 99.9%
Compat Jamo	3	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	9852	17.6%
1	8517	15.2%
.	6876	12.3%
2	2875	5.1%
6	2831	5.1%
/	2359	4.2%
3	1823	3.3%
9	1648	3.0%
5	1647	2.9%
4	1513	2.7%
Other values (65)	15909	28.5%

Compat Jamo

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ㅔ	1	33.3%
ㄴ	1	33.3%
ㅓ	1	33.3%

초록
Text

MISSING

Distinct	1461
Distinct (%)	46.9%
Missing	148
Missing (%)	4.5%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	1024
Median length	1024
Mean length	904.31545
Min length	6

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	2815134
Distinct characters	1058
Distinct categories	19 ?
Distinct scripts	6 ?
Distinct blocks	16 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	899 ?
Unique (%)	28.9%

Sample

1st row	We investigated the potential of ionizing radiation for improving physiological responses, quality, and storage time of fresh guava fruit. Ionizing radiation treatment suppressed the respiration and ethylene production rates and thus retarded the process of fruit ripening during storage. Irradiation treatment also retarded the physical and biochemical changes associated with ripening such as firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, and vitamin C during storage, but for doses higher than 0.25 kGy the vitamin C content decreased. The positive effects of ionizing radiation treatment on delayed fruit ripening and other quality attributes diminished during 22 days of storage at 10 °C. Thus, a combination of ionizing radiation with low-temperature storage (10 °C) did not have much synergistic effect on storage life and quality of guava fruit. In conclusion, ionizing radiation treatment of guava fruit with 0.25 kGy dose increased the postharvest life by 3 - 4 days, maintained fruit quality, and reduced
2nd row	We investigated the potential of ionizing radiation for improving physiological responses, quality, and storage time of fresh guava fruit. Ionizing radiation treatment suppressed the respiration and ethylene production rates and thus retarded the process of fruit ripening during storage. Irradiation treatment also retarded the physical and biochemical changes associated with ripening such as firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, and vitamin C during storage, but for doses higher than 0.25 kGy the vitamin C content decreased. The positive effects of ionizing radiation treatment on delayed fruit ripening and other quality attributes diminished during 22 days of storage at 10 °C. Thus, a combination of ionizing radiation with low-temperature storage (10 °C) did not have much synergistic effect on storage life and quality of guava fruit. In conclusion, ionizing radiation treatment of guava fruit with 0.25 kGy dose increased the postharvest life by 3 - 4 days, maintained fruit quality, and reduced
3rd row	위생적 가공을 고려하여 수세(水洗)한 수삼(水蔘)의 장기 저장을 목적으로 포장방법을 달리하여 0,1,3 kGy의 감마선(線)을 조사(照射)하고 $4~5^{\circ}C$에 냉장하면서 이화학적(理化學的) 특성변화(特性變化)와 오염 미생물(微生物) 살균(殺菌) 및 선충(線忠) 살충(殺忠)실험을 수행한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 물리적(物理的) 변화(變化)에 있어서 부제 및 중량감소율은 비조사구(非照射區)가 저장 90일에 100%의 부피와 20% 이상적 중량감소를 보인데 반해 $2~3\;kGy$ 조사구(照射區)는 20% 및 10% 내외(內外)의 낮은 부피와 감량을 나타냈다. 또한 수삼의 비중, 육질의 색도 및 경도(硬度)는 조사(照射)직후에는 조사구(照射區)가 비조사구(非照射區)에 비해 다소 낮은 수치를 보였으나 저장 기간이 경과함에 따라 비조사구(非照射區)보다 높은 수치를 보였다. 화학성분 변화에 있어서 일반성분은 조사구(照射區)나 비조사구간(非照射區間)에 변화가 없었고 인삼정(人蓼精) 및 saponin의 수율은 조사구(照射區)가 증가되었으며, TLC 및 HPLC에 의한 saponin의 pattern에는 변화가 없었다. 미생물은 $2~3\;kGy$ 조사(照射)로서 2~3 log cycles 이상 감균시켰고 1 kGy조사(照射)로 선충(線忠)은 완전 사멸되었다. 따라서 수세수심에 $2~3\;kGy$ 정도의 감마선을 조사(照射)함으로써 이화학적 특성에는 거의 영향을 미치지 많으면서 오염 미생물의 살균과 선충을 제거함에 따라 비조사구(非照射區)에 비해 위생적으로 2~3개월(個月) 이상 저장성을 효과적으로 연장시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.인 수도체(水稻體) 하반부중(下半部中) 살충제잔류량(殺충劑殘留量)이 높을수록 살충효과(殺蟲效果)는 증대(增大)되었다. 따라서 시제품(試製品)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質) 및 약효면(藥效面)에서 혼합입제(混合粒劑)로서의 개발(開發)이 가능(可能)한 조합(組合)은 carbofuran 조합(組合)과 propoxur 6% 함유(含有) 조합(組合)이었는데 제제시(製劑時) 안정제(
4th row	Glngera e hed - &tad t & doN ofO.O6 SGy to b - t &pu and conrv& quality. eR of Y irdiebo on the flavor pounde of nar era etudiad. ARa 3 oth of to Rr i&dig - an, tbe quanti - w ofoe or vo}atile copound um e a-in&ne, a-bergamokne, er, gereotal, and awume were ORntly loNer ia - r&diated iA urradiakd - Aer, &ldlanceaafond - mmtelyeRerdig - oo. AtrieAg&Bboadaodi&e tan - wdlakd nd uaiadia ara a for l montb &t &bientkperatuN but ebo&d 6ignificnt diarenca aAar 5 onthe ofatoge
5th row	The effects of gamma irradiation on the consumption, digestion and utilization of food by 8-18-day-old larvae of Ephestia cautella treated as 1-day-old larvae with 80Gy, and also on the activity of protease, amylase and invertase enzymes, were studied. Gamma irradiation decreased the amount of food consumed and digested by the treated larvae in comparison with un-irradiated ones. It also reduced assimilation efficiency which further reduced weight gain. Protease, amylase and invertase enzyme activity was adversely affected in all irradiated larvae. The results revealed a positive correlation between the activity of the digestive enzymes and the amount of food digested by the larvae.

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
the	19597	4.4%
of	17753	4.0%
and	16535	3.7%
in	8145	1.8%
to	7433	1.7%
were	6317	1.4%
irradiation	5451	1.2%
was	5096	1.2%
	4767	1.1%
a	4403	1.0%
Other values (20967)	347438	78.4%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	440804	15.7%
e	239107	8.5%
a	188483	6.7%
t	170492	6.1%
i	169354	6.0%
o	148511	5.3%
r	141510	5.0%
n	134980	4.8%
s	117874	4.2%
d	105049	3.7%
Other values (1048)	958970	34.1%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Lowercase Letter	1996966	70.9%
Space Separator	440804	15.7%
Other Letter	149520	5.3%
Uppercase Letter	65778	2.3%
Decimal Number	62630	2.2%
Other Punctuation	61843	2.2%
Dash Punctuation	12545	0.4%
Open Punctuation	9490	0.3%
Close Punctuation	9471	0.3%
Math Symbol	2270	0.1%
Other values (9)	3817	0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	4947	3.3%
사	4327	2.9%
에	4076	2.7%
조	3801	2.5%
이	3223	2.2%
하	3052	2.0%
다	2918	2.0%
선	2869	1.9%
는	2616	1.7%
가	2494	1.7%
Other values (891)	115197	77.0%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	239107	12.0%
a	188483	9.4%
t	170492	8.5%
i	169354	8.5%
o	148511	7.4%
r	141510	7.1%
n	134980	6.8%
s	117874	5.9%
d	105049	5.3%
c	76476	3.8%
Other values (28)	505130	25.3%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
T	8444	12.8%
G	8107	12.3%
C	5963	9.1%
A	5143	7.8%
S	4106	6.2%
P	3529	5.4%
I	2864	4.4%
E	2809	4.3%
L	2551	3.9%
D	2539	3.9%
Other values (20)	19723	30.0%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	28917	46.8%
,	25477	41.2%
%	2044	3.3%
/	2006	3.2%
:	942	1.5%
;	788	1.3%
\	559	0.9%
&	478	0.8%
*	281	0.5%
·	181	0.3%
Other values (7)	170	0.3%

Other Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
°	953	75.3%
℃	260	20.5%
㏉	14	1.1%
®	9	0.7%
㎍	5	0.4%
™	5	0.4%
㎉	3	0.2%
㎖	3	0.2%
㎚	2	0.2%
㎎	2	0.2%
Other values (7)	10	0.8%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
~	534	23.5%
±	383	16.9%
×	290	12.8%
=	230	10.1%
∼	187	8.2%
<	159	7.0%
≤	115	5.1%
～	110	4.8%
+	95	4.2%
>	93	4.1%
Other values (5)	74	3.3%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	16722	26.7%
1	11472	18.3%
5	7899	12.6%
2	7179	11.5%
3	4771	7.6%
4	3708	5.9%
7	3488	5.6%
6	2841	4.5%
8	2317	3.7%
9	2233	3.6%

Other Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
²	53	31.4%
₃	53	31.4%
⁴	19	11.2%
₁	13	7.7%
¹	11	6.5%
³	10	5.9%
₂	9	5.3%
½	1	0.6%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	8942	94.4%
}	450	4.8%
]	76	0.8%
）	3	< 0.1%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	8990	94.7%
{	422	4.4%
[	78	0.8%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
^	414	97.0%
`	12	2.8%
˚	1	0.2%

Currency Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
$	1394	99.9%
€	1	0.1%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	135	68.5%
”	62	31.5%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
‘	100	64.1%
“	56	35.9%

Control

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	7	70.0%
	3	30.0%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	440804	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	12545	100.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	196	100.0%

Letter Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ⅱ	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Latin	2061627	73.2%
Common	602871	21.4%
Hangul	147275	5.2%
Han	2241	0.1%
Greek	1118	< 0.1%
Cyrillic	2	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	4947	3.4%
사	4327	2.9%
에	4076	2.8%
조	3801	2.6%
이	3223	2.2%
하	3052	2.1%
다	2918	2.0%
선	2869	1.9%
는	2616	1.8%
가	2494	1.7%
Other values (590)	112952	76.7%

Han

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
射	167	7.5%
照	140	6.2%
菌	106	4.7%
線	76	3.4%
殺	54	2.4%
生	50	2.2%
區	46	2.1%
性	45	2.0%
的	40	1.8%
量	40	1.8%
Other values (290)	1477	65.9%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	440804	73.1%
.	28917	4.8%
,	25477	4.2%
0	16722	2.8%
-	12545	2.1%
1	11472	1.9%
(	8990	1.5%
)	8942	1.5%
5	7899	1.3%
2	7179	1.2%
Other values (79)	33924	5.6%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	239107	11.6%
a	188483	9.1%
t	170492	8.3%
i	169354	8.2%
o	148511	7.2%
r	141510	6.9%
n	134980	6.5%
s	117874	5.7%
d	105049	5.1%
c	76476	3.7%
Other values (49)	569791	27.6%

Greek

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
γ	471	42.1%
α	217	19.4%
β	191	17.1%
μ	180	16.1%
λ	38	3.4%
Δ	11	1.0%
δ	4	0.4%
ω	4	0.4%
Υ	2	0.2%

Cyrillic

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
а	2	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	2661273	94.5%
Hangul	147264	5.2%
None	3322	0.1%
CJK	2214	0.1%
Punctuation	376	< 0.1%
Math Operators	336	< 0.1%
Letterlike Symbols	267	< 0.1%
CJK Compat	36	< 0.1%
CJK Compat Ideographs	27	< 0.1%
Compat Jamo	11	< 0.1%
Other values (6)	8	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	440804	16.6%
e	239107	9.0%
a	188483	7.1%
t	170492	6.4%
i	169354	6.4%
o	148511	5.6%
r	141510	5.3%
n	134980	5.1%
s	117874	4.4%
d	105049	3.9%
Other values (84)	805109	30.3%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	4947	3.4%
사	4327	2.9%
에	4076	2.8%
조	3801	2.6%
이	3223	2.2%
하	3052	2.1%
다	2918	2.0%
선	2869	1.9%
는	2616	1.8%
가	2494	1.7%
Other values (586)	112941	76.7%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
°	953	28.7%
γ	471	14.2%
±	383	11.5%
×	290	8.7%
α	217	6.5%
β	191	5.7%
·	181	5.4%
μ	180	5.4%
～	110	3.3%
²	53	1.6%
Other values (25)	293	8.8%

Letterlike Symbols

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
℃	260	97.4%
™	5	1.9%
ℓ	2	0.7%

Math Operators

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
∼	187	55.7%
≤	115	34.2%
≥	33	9.8%
≪	1	0.3%

CJK

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
射	167	7.5%
照	140	6.3%
菌	106	4.8%
線	76	3.4%
殺	54	2.4%
生	50	2.3%
區	46	2.1%
性	45	2.0%
的	40	1.8%
量	40	1.8%
Other values (282)	1450	65.5%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	135	35.9%
‘	100	26.6%
”	62	16.5%
“	56	14.9%
′	23	6.1%

CJK Compat

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
㏉	14	38.9%
㎍	5	13.9%
㎉	3	8.3%
㎖	3	8.3%
㎚	2	5.6%
㎎	2	5.6%
㎏	2	5.6%
㎝	2	5.6%
㎠	1	2.8%
㎡	1	2.8%

Compat Jamo

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ㆍ	7	63.6%
ㅅ	2	18.2%
ㅡ	1	9.1%
ㅊ	1	9.1%

CJK Compat Ideographs

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
率	7	25.9%
綠	6	22.2%
理	6	22.2%
量	4	14.8%
粒	1	3.7%
利	1	3.7%
率	1	3.7%
冷	1	3.7%

Cyrillic

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
а	2	100.0%

Box Drawing

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
┌	2	100.0%

Modifier Letters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
˚	1	100.0%

Currency Symbols

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
€	1	100.0%

Number Forms

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Ⅱ	1	100.0%

Geometric Shapes

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
●	1	100.0%

주요결과요약
Text

Distinct	1537
Distinct (%)	47.6%
Missing	31
Missing (%)	1.0%
Memory size	25.6 KiB

Length

Max length	1024
Median length	693
Mean length	395.40712
Min length	18

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	1277165
Distinct characters	1003
Distinct categories	17 ?
Distinct scripts	5 ?
Distinct blocks	11 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	973 ?
Unique (%)	30.1%

Sample

1st row	우리는 잠재적인 이온화조사가 생리학적 반응, 품질, 그리고 저장기간을 증가시킬 수 있는 가능성을 구아바를 이용하여 보았음. 이온화 조사는 호흡을 감소시키고 에틸렌 생성을 감소시켜서 저장기간동안의 과숙과정을 저해시킴. 이온화조사는 또한 숙성과 관련된 품질요소인 firmness 등의 물리적, 생화학적 변화를 지연시킴. 그러나 0.25 kGy이상의 조사는 비타민 C를 감소시킴. 조사의 긍정적인 효과는 10도에서의 저장 22일째에 감소되었음. 조사와 저온보관의 시너지효과는 미미하였음. 결론적으로, 이온화 조사를 구아바에 0.25 kGy에서 하면 3-4일 정도 품질을 더 보존할 수 있음.
2nd row	우리는 잠재적인 이온화조사가 생리학적 반응, 품질, 그리고 저장기간을 증가시킬 수 있는 가능성을 구아바를 이용하여 보았음. 이온화 조사는 호흡을 감소시키고 에틸렌 생성을 감소시켜서 저장기간동안의 과숙과정을 저해시킴. 이온화조사는 또한 숙성과 관련된 품질요소인 firmness 등의 물리적, 생화학적 변화를 지연시킴. 그러나 0.25 kGy이상의 조사는 비타민 C를 감소시킴. 조사의 긍정적인 효과는 10도에서의 저장 22일째에 감소되었음. 조사와 저온보관의 시너지효과는 미미하였음. 결론적으로, 이온화 조사를 구아바에 0.25 kGy에서 하면 3-4일 정도 품질을 더 보존할 수 있음.
3rd row	공기, 진공 및 질소가스가 채워진 봉투에 수삼을 1,2,3 kGy의 감마선을 조사하여 90일 동안 보관한 다음 미생물의 불활성화, 살균 및 물리화학적 영향에 조사하였음. 90일 저장 후 2~3kGy가 조사된 그룹은 20%의 무게 감소와 10%의 부패가 되었음. 조사 직후의 비중, 색조 및 색도는 조사 직후 다소 어둡게 나타났으나 비조사군보다 저장 시간이 길수록 높은 값을 나타내었음. 조사는 수삼 추출물과 saponin의 수율을 증가시켰으나 saponin의 TLC와 HPLC 패턴데 근접한 효과에는 영향을 미치지 않았음. 미생물은 3 kGy 방사선으로 생존 세포수를 감소시켰으며 1 kGy 방사선으로 완전히 소독되었음.
4th row	조사 후 3개월 저장한 것은 주요휘발성 화합물의 양은 조사되지 않은 생강보다 조사된 것이 현저하게 낮앗다. triangle test는 1개월동안은 저장한 것에는 차이가 없었으나 5개월 저장 후에는 상당한 차이를 보였다.
5th row	감마선 조사를 이용해 control과 비교하여 조사 처리 된 유충은 섭취되고 소화 된 음식의 양을 감소시켰고, 체중 증가를 감소시키는 동화 효율을 감소시켰다. - Protease, amylase 및 invertase 효소 활성은 조사 된 모든 유충에서 감소되는것을 확인 할수 있다. 이러한 연구로 해충으로 인한 작물 손실을 방지할수 있다.

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
감마선	3563	1.4%
및	3191	1.3%
조사	2214	0.9%
the	2147	0.8%
	2090	0.8%
kgy	1955	0.8%
of	1853	0.7%
and	1659	0.6%
방사선	1413	0.6%
경우	1197	0.5%
Other values (24147)	233988	91.7%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	255194	20.0%
e	36244	2.8%
a	31895	2.5%
i	29868	2.3%
t	27671	2.2%
o	26129	2.0%
r	22835	1.8%
n	20777	1.6%
s	19559	1.5%
.	18533	1.5%
Other values (993)	788460	61.7%

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Other Letter	547632	42.9%
Lowercase Letter	345460	27.0%
Space Separator	255194	20.0%
Decimal Number	42867	3.4%
Other Punctuation	39512	3.1%
Uppercase Letter	33460	2.6%
Open Punctuation	3215	0.3%
Close Punctuation	3208	0.3%
Dash Punctuation	2920	0.2%
Math Symbol	2730	0.2%
Other values (7)	967	0.1%

Most frequent character per category

Other Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	17780	3.2%
에	16768	3.1%
사	16484	3.0%
조	14894	2.7%
선	12065	2.2%
이	10996	2.0%
을	10116	1.8%
하	10085	1.8%
는	9855	1.8%
가	9170	1.7%
Other values (871)	419419	76.6%

Lowercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	36244	10.5%
a	31895	9.2%
i	29868	8.6%
t	27671	8.0%
o	26129	7.6%
r	22835	6.6%
n	20777	6.0%
s	19559	5.7%
l	17073	4.9%
c	15669	4.5%
Other values (21)	97740	28.3%

Uppercase Letter

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
G	6640	19.8%
C	2802	8.4%
P	2272	6.8%
A	2059	6.2%
T	1947	5.8%
S	1924	5.8%
L	1762	5.3%
E	1456	4.4%
B	1437	4.3%
R	1400	4.2%
Other values (18)	9761	29.2%

Math Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
\|	1356	49.7%
~	549	20.1%
>	214	7.8%
±	176	6.4%
<	164	6.0%
=	81	3.0%
～	53	1.9%
×	46	1.7%
∼	40	1.5%
+	34	1.2%
Other values (4)	17	0.6%

Other Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
.	18533	46.9%
,	17793	45.0%
/	1187	3.0%
%	1133	2.9%
:	524	1.3%
*	118	0.3%
;	115	0.3%
&	55	0.1%
'	27	0.1%
，	18	< 0.1%
Other values (2)	9	< 0.1%

Decimal Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	10759	25.1%
1	8507	19.8%
5	5845	13.6%
2	4793	11.2%
3	3549	8.3%
4	2451	5.7%
7	2205	5.1%
6	1705	4.0%
8	1599	3.7%
9	1454	3.4%

Other Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
℃	360	58.6%
°	203	33.1%
®	24	3.9%
㎍	8	1.3%
㎏	6	1.0%
㏉	6	1.0%
㎉	3	0.5%
㎎	2	0.3%
㎣	1	0.2%
㎛	1	0.2%

Other Number

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
₁	8	61.5%
²	3	23.1%
₃	2	15.4%

Open Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
(	3203	99.6%
[	12	0.4%

Close Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
)	3196	99.6%
]	12	0.4%

Modifier Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
^	179	84.4%
˚	33	15.6%

Initial Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
‘	29	96.7%
“	1	3.3%

Final Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
’	27	96.4%
”	1	3.6%

Space Separator

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	255194	100.0%

Dash Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-	2920	100.0%

Connector Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
_	69	100.0%

Currency Symbol

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
€	1	100.0%

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
Hangul	547602	42.9%
Latin	378628	29.6%
Common	350613	27.5%
Greek	321	< 0.1%
Han	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per script

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	17780	3.2%
에	16768	3.1%
사	16484	3.0%
조	14894	2.7%
선	12065	2.2%
이	10996	2.0%
을	10116	1.8%
하	10085	1.8%
는	9855	1.8%
가	9170	1.7%
Other values (869)	419389	76.6%

Common

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	255194	72.8%
.	18533	5.3%
,	17793	5.1%
0	10759	3.1%
1	8507	2.4%
5	5845	1.7%
2	4793	1.4%
3	3549	1.0%
(	3203	0.9%
)	3196	0.9%
Other values (53)	19241	5.5%

Latin

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
e	36244	9.6%
a	31895	8.4%
i	29868	7.9%
t	27671	7.3%
o	26129	6.9%
r	22835	6.0%
n	20777	5.5%
s	19559	5.2%
l	17073	4.5%
c	15669	4.1%
Other values (44)	130908	34.6%

Greek

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
γ	157	48.9%
α	74	23.1%
β	57	17.8%
μ	22	6.9%
Δ	7	2.2%
λ	4	1.2%

Han

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
駭	1	100.0%

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ASCII	728131	57.0%
Hangul	547564	42.9%
None	904	0.1%
Letterlike Symbols	360	< 0.1%
Punctuation	58	< 0.1%
Math Operators	48	< 0.1%
Compat Jamo	38	< 0.1%
Modifier Letters	33	< 0.1%
CJK Compat	27	< 0.1%
CJK	1	< 0.1%

Most frequent character per block

ASCII

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
	255194	35.0%
e	36244	5.0%
a	31895	4.4%
i	29868	4.1%
t	27671	3.8%
o	26129	3.6%
r	22835	3.1%
n	20777	2.9%
s	19559	2.7%
.	18533	2.5%
Other values (75)	239426	32.9%

Hangul

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
의	17780	3.2%
에	16768	3.1%
사	16484	3.0%
조	14894	2.7%
선	12065	2.2%
이	10996	2.0%
을	10116	1.8%
하	10085	1.8%
는	9855	1.8%
가	9170	1.7%
Other values (858)	419351	76.6%

Letterlike Symbols

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
℃	360	100.0%

None

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
°	203	22.5%
±	176	19.5%
γ	157	17.4%
α	74	8.2%
β	57	6.3%
～	53	5.9%
×	46	5.1%
º	29	3.2%
®	24	2.7%
μ	22	2.4%
Other values (11)	63	7.0%

Math Operators

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
∼	40	83.3%
≤	6	12.5%
≥	2	4.2%

Modifier Letters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
˚	33	100.0%

Punctuation

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
‘	29	50.0%
’	27	46.6%
”	1	1.7%
“	1	1.7%

CJK Compat

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
㎍	8	29.6%
㎏	6	22.2%
㏉	6	22.2%
㎉	3	11.1%
㎎	2	7.4%
㎣	1	3.7%
㎛	1	3.7%

Compat Jamo

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
ㄴ	7	18.4%
ㅇ	5	13.2%
ㅆ	5	13.2%
ㅏ	5	13.2%
ㅈ	4	10.5%
ㅛ	4	10.5%
ㆍ	2	5.3%
ㅊ	2	5.3%
ㅣ	2	5.3%
ㄹ	1	2.6%

CJK

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
駭	1	100.0%

Currency Symbols

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
€	1	100.0%

First rows
Last rows

	샘플명(영문)	샘플명(국문)	분류군	원산지	형태	부위	숙주명	숙주분류군	숙주원신지	원문명	저자	게재지	원문링크	피인용지수1(Impact Factor)	피인용지수2(Eigen Factor)	색인인용디비(SCIE여부)	게재년도	권	호	첫페이지	끝페이지	문서코드번호(PMID(doi))	초록	주요결과요약
0	'Allahabad Safeda' Guava fruit; Psidium guajava L.(구아바)	'Allahabad Safeda' Guava fruit; Psidium guajava L.(구아바)	과실류 및 과일 주스 (Fruits and Fruit Juices)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Ionizing radiation treatment to improve postharvest life and maintain quality of fresh guava fruit	SP Singh, RK Pal	Radiation physics and chemistry	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X08002326	<NA>	<NA>	SCIE	2009	78	2	135	140	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.09.007	We investigated the potential of ionizing radiation for improving physiological responses, quality, and storage time of fresh guava fruit. Ionizing radiation treatment suppressed the respiration and ethylene production rates and thus retarded the process of fruit ripening during storage. Irradiation treatment also retarded the physical and biochemical changes associated with ripening such as firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, and vitamin C during storage, but for doses higher than 0.25 kGy the vitamin C content decreased. The positive effects of ionizing radiation treatment on delayed fruit ripening and other quality attributes diminished during 22 days of storage at 10 °C. Thus, a combination of ionizing radiation with low-temperature storage (10 °C) did not have much synergistic effect on storage life and quality of guava fruit. In conclusion, ionizing radiation treatment of guava fruit with 0.25 kGy dose increased the postharvest life by 3 - 4 days, maintained fruit quality, and reduced	우리는 잠재적인 이온화조사가 생리학적 반응, 품질, 그리고 저장기간을 증가시킬 수 있는 가능성을 구아바를 이용하여 보았음. 이온화 조사는 호흡을 감소시키고 에틸렌 생성을 감소시켜서 저장기간동안의 과숙과정을 저해시킴. 이온화조사는 또한 숙성과 관련된 품질요소인 firmness 등의 물리적, 생화학적 변화를 지연시킴. 그러나 0.25 kGy이상의 조사는 비타민 C를 감소시킴. 조사의 긍정적인 효과는 10도에서의 저장 22일째에 감소되었음. 조사와 저온보관의 시너지효과는 미미하였음. 결론적으로, 이온화 조사를 구아바에 0.25 kGy에서 하면 3-4일 정도 품질을 더 보존할 수 있음.
1	'Lucknow-49' Guava fruit; Psidium guajava L.(구아바)	'Lucknow-49' Guava fruit; Psidium guajava L.(구아바)	과실류 및 과일 주스 (Fruits and Fruit Juices)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Ionizing radiation treatment to improve postharvest life and maintain quality of fresh guava fruit	SP Singh, RK Pal	Radiation physics and chemistry	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969806X08002326	<NA>	<NA>	SCIE	2009	78	2	135	140	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2008.09.007	We investigated the potential of ionizing radiation for improving physiological responses, quality, and storage time of fresh guava fruit. Ionizing radiation treatment suppressed the respiration and ethylene production rates and thus retarded the process of fruit ripening during storage. Irradiation treatment also retarded the physical and biochemical changes associated with ripening such as firmness, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, and vitamin C during storage, but for doses higher than 0.25 kGy the vitamin C content decreased. The positive effects of ionizing radiation treatment on delayed fruit ripening and other quality attributes diminished during 22 days of storage at 10 °C. Thus, a combination of ionizing radiation with low-temperature storage (10 °C) did not have much synergistic effect on storage life and quality of guava fruit. In conclusion, ionizing radiation treatment of guava fruit with 0.25 kGy dose increased the postharvest life by 3 - 4 days, maintained fruit quality, and reduced	우리는 잠재적인 이온화조사가 생리학적 반응, 품질, 그리고 저장기간을 증가시킬 수 있는 가능성을 구아바를 이용하여 보았음. 이온화 조사는 호흡을 감소시키고 에틸렌 생성을 감소시켜서 저장기간동안의 과숙과정을 저해시킴. 이온화조사는 또한 숙성과 관련된 품질요소인 firmness 등의 물리적, 생화학적 변화를 지연시킴. 그러나 0.25 kGy이상의 조사는 비타민 C를 감소시킴. 조사의 긍정적인 효과는 10도에서의 저장 22일째에 감소되었음. 조사와 저온보관의 시너지효과는 미미하였음. 결론적으로, 이온화 조사를 구아바에 0.25 kGy에서 하면 3-4일 정도 품질을 더 보존할 수 있음.
2	* 샘플명은 추후 Codex 식품 분류 기준으로 정리예정임	* 샘플명은 추후 Codex 식품 분류 기준으로 정리예정임	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	방사선(放射線) 조사(照射)에 의한 수세된 수삼(水蔘)의 저장(貯藏)	조한옥,변명우,권중호,이재원	Applied Biological Chemistry	https://academic.naver.com/article.naver - doc_id=38207108	<NA>	<NA>	SCIE	1986	29	3	288	293	<NA>	위생적 가공을 고려하여 수세(水洗)한 수삼(水蔘)의 장기 저장을 목적으로 포장방법을 달리하여 0,1,3 kGy의 감마선(線)을 조사(照射)하고 $4~5^{\circ}C$에 냉장하면서 이화학적(理化學的) 특성변화(特性變化)와 오염 미생물(微生物) 살균(殺菌) 및 선충(線忠) 살충(殺忠)실험을 수행한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 물리적(物理的) 변화(變化)에 있어서 부제 및 중량감소율은 비조사구(非照射區)가 저장 90일에 100%의 부피와 20% 이상적 중량감소를 보인데 반해 $2~3\;kGy$ 조사구(照射區)는 20% 및 10% 내외(內外)의 낮은 부피와 감량을 나타냈다. 또한 수삼의 비중, 육질의 색도 및 경도(硬度)는 조사(照射)직후에는 조사구(照射區)가 비조사구(非照射區)에 비해 다소 낮은 수치를 보였으나 저장 기간이 경과함에 따라 비조사구(非照射區)보다 높은 수치를 보였다. 화학성분 변화에 있어서 일반성분은 조사구(照射區)나 비조사구간(非照射區間)에 변화가 없었고 인삼정(人蓼精) 및 saponin의 수율은 조사구(照射區)가 증가되었으며, TLC 및 HPLC에 의한 saponin의 pattern에는 변화가 없었다. 미생물은 $2~3\;kGy$ 조사(照射)로서 2~3 log cycles 이상 감균시켰고 1 kGy조사(照射)로 선충(線忠)은 완전 사멸되었다. 따라서 수세수심에 $2~3\;kGy$ 정도의 감마선을 조사(照射)함으로써 이화학적 특성에는 거의 영향을 미치지 많으면서 오염 미생물의 살균과 선충을 제거함에 따라 비조사구(非照射區)에 비해 위생적으로 2~3개월(個月) 이상 저장성을 효과적으로 연장시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.인 수도체(水稻體) 하반부중(下半部中) 살충제잔류량(殺충劑殘留量)이 높을수록 살충효과(殺蟲效果)는 증대(增大)되었다. 따라서 시제품(試製品)의 이화학적(理化學的) 성질(性質) 및 약효면(藥效面)에서 혼합입제(混合粒劑)로서의 개발(開發)이 가능(可能)한 조합(組合)은 carbofuran 조합(組合)과 propoxur 6% 함유(含有) 조합(組合)이었는데 제제시(製劑時) 안정제(	공기, 진공 및 질소가스가 채워진 봉투에 수삼을 1,2,3 kGy의 감마선을 조사하여 90일 동안 보관한 다음 미생물의 불활성화, 살균 및 물리화학적 영향에 조사하였음. 90일 저장 후 2~3kGy가 조사된 그룹은 20%의 무게 감소와 10%의 부패가 되었음. 조사 직후의 비중, 색조 및 색도는 조사 직후 다소 어둡게 나타났으나 비조사군보다 저장 시간이 길수록 높은 값을 나타내었음. 조사는 수삼 추출물과 saponin의 수율을 증가시켰으나 saponin의 TLC와 HPLC 패턴데 근접한 효과에는 영향을 미치지 않았음. 미생물은 3 kGy 방사선으로 생존 세포수를 감소시켰으며 1 kGy 방사선으로 완전히 소독되었음.
3	1,8-cineol	1,8-cineol	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effects of y Irradiation on the Volatile Compounds of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber oficinale Roscoe)	Jia-Jiu Wu,Jui-Sen Yang	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00047a038	3.412	0.7417	SCIE	1994	42	11	2574	2577	10.1021/jf00047a038	Glngera e hed - &tad t & doN ofO.O6 SGy to b - t &pu and conrv& quality. eR of Y irdiebo on the flavor pounde of nar era etudiad. ARa 3 oth of to Rr i&dig - an, tbe quanti - w ofoe or vo}atile copound um e a-in&ne, a-bergamokne, er, gereotal, and awume were ORntly loNer ia - r&diated iA urradiakd - Aer, &ldlanceaafond - mmtelyeRerdig - oo. AtrieAg&Bboadaodi&e tan - wdlakd nd uaiadia ara a for l montb &t &bientkperatuN but ebo&d 6ignificnt diarenca aAar 5 onthe ofatoge	조사 후 3개월 저장한 것은 주요휘발성 화합물의 양은 조사되지 않은 생강보다 조사된 것이 현저하게 낮앗다. triangle test는 1개월동안은 저장한 것에는 차이가 없었으나 5개월 저장 후에는 상당한 차이를 보였다.
4	13-Day-old larvae	13-Day-old larvae	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effect of gamma irradiation on food consumption, assimilation and digestive enzymes in Ephestia cautella (Walker) larvae	S.A. Boshra	Journal of Stored Products Research	http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022474X05000755	<NA>	<NA>	SCIE	2007	43	1	49	52	10.1016/j.jspr.2005.11.001	The effects of gamma irradiation on the consumption, digestion and utilization of food by 8-18-day-old larvae of Ephestia cautella treated as 1-day-old larvae with 80Gy, and also on the activity of protease, amylase and invertase enzymes, were studied. Gamma irradiation decreased the amount of food consumed and digested by the treated larvae in comparison with un-irradiated ones. It also reduced assimilation efficiency which further reduced weight gain. Protease, amylase and invertase enzyme activity was adversely affected in all irradiated larvae. The results revealed a positive correlation between the activity of the digestive enzymes and the amount of food digested by the larvae.	감마선 조사를 이용해 control과 비교하여 조사 처리 된 유충은 섭취되고 소화 된 음식의 양을 감소시켰고, 체중 증가를 감소시키는 동화 효율을 감소시켰다. - Protease, amylase 및 invertase 효소 활성은 조사 된 모든 유충에서 감소되는것을 확인 할수 있다. 이러한 연구로 해충으로 인한 작물 손실을 방지할수 있다.
5	15-20% skin	15-20% skin	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effect of gamma-irradiation on ripening papaya pectin	Min Zhao,James Moy,Robert E. Paull	Postharvest Biology and Technology	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0925-5214(96)00004-X - via%3Dihub	3.112	0.00929	SCIE	1996	8	3	209	222	10.1016/0925-5214(96)00004-X	Papaya (Carica papaya, L., var. Sunset) at three initial ripeness stages were irradiated with 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, or 1.5 kGy gamma-irradiation and pectin changes during ripening determined. A significant linear relationship was found between irradiation dose and firmness immediately after irradiation. Irradiation had no effect on fruit skin or flesh color of papaya fruit irradiated at the 5 to 30% yellow stage and allowed to ripen. Papaya irradiated when 5 to 30% yellow showed no significant changes in pectin methylesterase activity when ripe. Immediately after irradiation, the pectin in 10 to 30% yellow papaya showed depolymerization and demethoxylation, though no effect on pectin methylesterase activity was detected. There was an increase in water soluble pectin (WSP), while chelator soluble (CSP) and alkali soluble pectin (ASP) decreased, with a significant decline in the methanol content of the ASP fraction. After the 25 to 30% yellow ripeness stage, fruit irradiated at 0.50 to 1.0 kGy had less pectic	조사 직후 방사선량과 견고함사이에 유의한 선형관계가 나타났다. 방사선 조사는 5~30%황숙기와 숙성된상태에 조사된 파파야열매의 살색과 과일 껍질에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 조사 직후 10~30%의 노란색 파파야에있는 펙틴은 depolymerization과 demethoxylation이보이며, pectin methylesterase활성에는 영향을 주지 않았다. WSP의 중가가 있었으며, CSP와ASP는 감소하였고 ASP분획의 메탄올 함량은 현전히 감소했다.
6	18-Day-old larvae	18-Day-old larvae	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effect of gamma irradiation on food consumption, assimilation and digestive enzymes in Ephestia cautella (Walker) larvae	S.A. Boshra	Journal of Stored Products Research	http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022474X05000755	<NA>	<NA>	SCIE	2007	43	1	49	52	10.1016/j.jspr.2005.11.001	The effects of gamma irradiation on the consumption, digestion and utilization of food by 8-18-day-old larvae of Ephestia cautella treated as 1-day-old larvae with 80Gy, and also on the activity of protease, amylase and invertase enzymes, were studied. Gamma irradiation decreased the amount of food consumed and digested by the treated larvae in comparison with un-irradiated ones. It also reduced assimilation efficiency which further reduced weight gain. Protease, amylase and invertase enzyme activity was adversely affected in all irradiated larvae. The results revealed a positive correlation between the activity of the digestive enzymes and the amount of food digested by the larvae.	감마선 조사를 이용해 control과 비교하여 조사 처리 된 유충은 섭취되고 소화 된 음식의 양을 감소시켰고, 체중 증가를 감소시키는 동화 효율을 감소시켰다. - Protease, amylase 및 invertase 효소 활성은 조사 된 모든 유충에서 감소되는것을 확인 할수 있다. 이러한 연구로 해충으로 인한 작물 손실을 방지할수 있다.
7	velvet bean seeds	1년생 콩의 일종	견과류 및 종실류 (Nut and Seed Products)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Free radicals in velvet bean seeds (Mucuna pruriens L. DC.) and their status after γ-irradiation and conventional processing	Rajeev Bhat, Kandikere R.Sridhar, Brij Bhushan	LWT - Food Science and Technology	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0023643806003173	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	2006	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	10.1016/j.lwt.2006.12.002	Free radicals in velvet bean seeds, a nutarceutically valued legume were examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The status of free radicals present naturally, after irradiation and conventional processing were recorded by entrapping small quantities of seed samples in potassium chloride powder in ESR quartz tubes. The ESR signal at g=2.0055(±0.0001) were more prominent in seed coat than cotyledon portion. Gamma irradiation of seeds (for hygienization and quarantine purposes) at different doses (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 30 kGy) resulted in a dose-dependent increase of signal intensity at g=2.0055 in seed coat as well as in cotyledon. In seed coat, a weak triplet (satellite peak) accompanied the central line. This satellite peak (left line ‘g’) can be used as an authentic indication of radiation treatment of Mucuna seeds and can be employed as one of the detection methods for similarly irradiated legume seeds possessing prominent seed coat. In cotyledon, irradiation at high doses (15 and 30 k	본 연구의 결과는 자연적으로 존재하거나 방사선 및 통상적 인 가공 후에 생성 된 자유 라디칼의 검출에 ESR 기술을 사용하는 것이 적합 함을 입증한다. 이 연구의 결과는 검역 목적으로 Mucuna 종자의 감마선 조사를 성공적으로 적용 할 경우에도 가능할 수있다
8	2-heptanol	2-heptanol	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effects of y Irradiation on the Volatile Compounds of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber oficinale Roscoe)	Jia-Jiu Wu,Jui-Sen Yang	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00047a038	3.412	0.7417	SCIE	1994	42	11	2574	2577	10.1021/jf00047a038	Glngera e hed - &tad t & doN ofO.O6 SGy to b - t &pu and conrv& quality. eR of Y irdiebo on the flavor pounde of nar era etudiad. ARa 3 oth of to Rr i&dig - an, tbe quanti - w ofoe or vo}atile copound um e a-in&ne, a-bergamokne, er, gereotal, and awume were ORntly loNer ia - r&diated iA urradiakd - Aer, &ldlanceaafond - mmtelyeRerdig - oo. AtrieAg&Bboadaodi&e tan - wdlakd nd uaiadia ara a for l montb &t &bientkperatuN but ebo&d 6ignificnt diarenca aAar 5 onthe ofatoge	조사 후 3개월 저장한 것은 주요휘발성 화합물의 양은 조사되지 않은 생강보다 조사된 것이 현저하게 낮앗다. triangle test는 1개월동안은 저장한 것에는 차이가 없었으나 5개월 저장 후에는 상당한 차이를 보였다.
9	2-nomanone	2-nomanone	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effects of y Irradiation on the Volatile Compounds of Ginger Rhizome (Zingiber oficinale Roscoe)	Jia-Jiu Wu,Jui-Sen Yang	Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry	https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jf00047a038	3.412	0.7417	SCIE	1994	42	11	2574	2577	10.1021/jf00047a038	Glngera e hed - &tad t & doN ofO.O6 SGy to b - t &pu and conrv& quality. eR of Y irdiebo on the flavor pounde of nar era etudiad. ARa 3 oth of to Rr i&dig - an, tbe quanti - w ofoe or vo}atile copound um e a-in&ne, a-bergamokne, er, gereotal, and awume were ORntly loNer ia - r&diated iA urradiakd - Aer, &ldlanceaafond - mmtelyeRerdig - oo. AtrieAg&Bboadaodi&e tan - wdlakd nd uaiadia ara a for l montb &t &bientkperatuN but ebo&d 6ignificnt diarenca aAar 5 onthe ofatoge	조사 후 3개월 저장한 것은 주요휘발성 화합물의 양은 조사되지 않은 생강보다 조사된 것이 현저하게 낮앗다. triangle test는 1개월동안은 저장한 것에는 차이가 없었으나 5개월 저장 후에는 상당한 차이를 보였다.

	샘플명(영문)	샘플명(국문)	분류군	원산지	형태	부위	숙주명	숙주분류군	숙주원신지	원문명	저자	게재지	원문링크	피인용지수1(Impact Factor)	피인용지수2(Eigen Factor)	색인인용디비(SCIE여부)	게재년도	권	호	첫페이지	끝페이지	문서코드번호(PMID(doi))	초록	주요결과요약
3251	흑새치	흑새치	어패류 (Finfish and Shellfish Products)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Physicochemical evaluation of the effects of irradiation and evisceration on the conservation of refrigerated blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus)	Monteiro, Maria L.G.,Marsico, Eliane T.,Vital, Helio C.	2009 International Nuclear Atlantic Conference	https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx - orig_q=RN:41072608	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	2009	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Tuna is among the most traded fishes in Brazil, however efficiently delaying its fast deterioration is still a major practical challenge. Irradiation has been proposed as a safe and powerful alternative tool for conservation of seafood. This work investigated the effects of irradiation on the physicochemical quality of refrigerated blackfin tuna (Thunnus atlanticus). Analyses of pH, total volatile bases (TVB-N), ammonia and biogenic amines (histamine, cadaverine and putrescine) were performed in order to determine the degree of conservation. The samples were subjected to four different treatments aiming at evaluating the efficiency of irradiation, evisceration and both combined. The figures measured for those parameters, all of them related to the degree of conservation, were found to increase with time regardless of the treatment. In addition, data for irradiated samples remained consistently lower than for unirradiated ones, indicating a better level of preservation that led to an extended shelf life of 14	손질한 흑새치를 감마선 2.5 kGy 조사한군와 비조사군, 손질하지 않은 흑새치를 감마선 2.5kGy, 비조사군으로 나누어 Total volatile Bases(TVB-B)을 조사한 결과 감마선을 조사한 흑새치가 TVB-N의 값이 가장 낮게 함유하고 있었고, 저장기간 역시 가장 길었다.
3252	Brown sugar	흑설탕	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	EFFECT OF SUPERVOLTAGE CATHODE RAYS ON BACTERIAL FLORA OF SPICES AND OTHER DRY FOOD MATERIALS	BERNARD E. PROCTOR,SAMUEL A. GOLDBLITH,HARVEY FRAM	Journal of Food Science	http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1950.tb16728.x	2.383	0.00895	SCIE	1950	15	6	490	493	10.1111/j.1365-2621.1950.tb16728.x	<NA>	133 krep 과 266 krep의 선량으로 전자선을 15초 동안 설탕, 전분, 향신료, 건조된 재료(백설탕, 흑설탕, 콩가루, 감자전분, 옥수수전분, 파프리카, 생강, 강황, 타임, 세이지, 육두구, 칠리 파우더, 흑후추, 붉은 고추, 양파분, 마늘분, 칡전분, 전란분, 전지분유, 아라비아 검)에 조사하여 호기성 혹은 혐기성의 중온세균과 호열성세균의 살균 여부를 확인하였음. 실험 결과에서 133 krep의 선량의 전자선 조사만으로도 다양한 종류의 식품의 살균이 효과적으로 일어났음.
3253	Black papper	흑후추	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effect of dose rate on inactivation of microorganisms in spices by electron-beams and gamma-rays irradiation	H Ito, MS Islam	Radiation Physics and Chemistry	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0969806X94901651	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	1994	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	doi.org/10.1016/0969-806X(94)90165-1	Total aerobic bacteria in spices used in this study were determined to be 1 × 106 to 6 × 107 per gram. A study on the inactivation of microorganisms in spices showed that doses of 6 - 9kGy of EB (electron-beams) or γ-irradiation were required to reduce the total aerobic bacteria in many However, a little increase of resistance was observed on the inactivation of total aerobic bacteria in many spices in case of EB irradiation. These difference of radiation sensitivities between EB and γ-rays was explained by dose rate effect on oxidation damage to microorganisms from the results of radiation sensitivities of Bacillus pumilus and B. megaterium spores at dry conditions. On the other hand, these high dose rate of EB irradiation suppressed the increase of peroxide values in spices at high dose irradiation up to 80 kGy. However, components of essential oils in spices were not changed even irradiated up to 50 kGy with EB and γ-rays.	본 연구에서 사용된 향신료들의 총 호기성 세균은 g 당 1106 - 6107 수준이었음. 총 호기성 세균의 수는 g 당 103이하로 미생물을 제어하기 위해서는 6-9 kGy 선량의 전자선이나 감마선의 조사가 필요했음. 그러나 전자선의 경우 총 호기성 세균의 제어에서 약간의 저항성 증진이 나타나는 경향을 보였음. 전자선과 감마선 사이의 방사선 민감성 차이의 경우 선량률에 의한 미생물의 산화 데미지 효과 차이에서 기인한다고 볼 수 있음. 80 kGy 까지의 높은 선량의 전자선 조사는 향신료의 peroxide 수치를 억제하는 경향을 보였음. 그러나 향신료에서 기인한 정유의 경우 50 kGy 까지의 전자선과 감마선의 조사에는 영향을 받지 않았음.
3254	Black pepper	흑후추	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Radiosensitivity of toxigenic Aspergillus isolated from spices and destruction of aflatoxins by gamma-irradiation	Tamikazu Kume, Hitoshi Ito, Harsono Soedarman, Isao Ishigaki	International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part C. Radiation Physics and Chemistry	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/1359019789903378	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	1989	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	10.1016/1359-0197(89)90337-8	Radiosensitivities of Aspergillus flavus var columnaris isolated from spices were investigated. The D10 values and induction doses were 267 - 293 Gy and 75 - 165 Gy in wet conditions, respectively. In dry conditions, the survival curves were exponential and D10 values were 538 - 600 Gy. The survival curves of standard strain of A. parasiticus IFO 30179 were similar both in wet and dry conditions. The necessary dose of 8 kGy for the destruction of these toxigenic Aspergillus was calculated from these values. Two of 11 strains of A. flavus var columnaris produced aflatoxins and the content of B1 was especially high. In the study of irradiation effect on aflatoxins produced on polished rice, aflatoxins G1 and B1 were more radiosensitive than G2 and B2. However, these aflatoxins were very stable to radiation and the dose required for destruction was found to be more than 500 kGy. It is therfore concluded that the decontamination of molds by irradiation is necessary prior to their production of aflatoxins.	nutmeg, black pepper, polished rice에 감마선 조사시 Aspergillus flavus의 사멸도 및 독소의 제거율 조사
3255	black pepper	흑후추	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Comparative effects of gamma and microwave irradiation on the quality of black pepper	Omar Ahmed Emam, Scrag Ahmed Farag, Nagy Haliem Aziz	Zeitschrift f - r Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und Forschung	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01201585	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	1995	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	10.1007/BF01201585	Powdered black pepper from Egyptian markets, was irradiated with different recommended doses of gamma rays (5.0 and 10.0 kGy) and with microwaves for different periods (20, 40 and 75 s) to improve its hygienic quality. The most common bacterial isolates were of three genera Bacillus, Clostridium and Micrococcus (7.5 × 106), whereas the predominant fungi (7.8 × 104) were Aspergillus species,A. glaucus, A. flavus, A. niger andA. ochraceus. Doses of gamma irradiation used (5.0 and 10 kGy) were sufficient to decrease spore-forming bacteria (SFB) and to inhibit the fungal flora and coliforms which contaminated the black pepper powder. Microwave treatments for 40 s and 75 s were of the same effectiveness whereas treatment for 20 s was less so. GLC analysis proved the presence of 31 peaks, only 19 compounds were identified as monoterpene hydrocarbons (56.21%), the major one being β-phellandrene and limonene. Sesquiterpenes were also present, mainly β-caryollphyllene (3.69%) as well as oxygenated compounds such as te	흑후추 가루에 감마선 조사 (5.0, 10.0 kGy) 및 마이크로파 조사 (20, 40, 75초)시 Total aerobic bacteria, total coliform, total clostridum, total thermophilic, total moulds 의 사멸도 확인
3256	Whole black pepper	흑후추	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Screening of gamma irradiated spices in Korea by using a microbiological method (DEFT/APC)	K.N. Oh,S.Y. Lee,H.J. Lee,K.E. Kim,J.S. Yang	Food Control	http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0956713502001081	3.667	0.2808	SCIE	2003	14	7	489	494	10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00108-1	Irradiation can be used to control the microbiological spoilage and pathogen microorganisms of foods. Microbiological changes associated with food irradiation include the reduction or elimination of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, insect disinfestation and parasite disinfection. The effects on the microbial populations of irradiated foods have been used to develop detection methods for irradiated foods. The method used in this study was direct epifluorescent filter technique/aerobic plate count (DEFT/APC), which is based on the difference between DEFT counts and APC counts. The samples were imported spices and domestic spices produced in Korea. These samples were irradiated at 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10 kGy to reduce the spoilage organisms. Irradiation doses of 3.0 kGy or over eliminated viable microorganisms effectively, and the logDEFT/APC ratio gradually increased with dose increment in all the samples. It could be suggested that if the logDEFT/APC ratio is 2.5 or over for peppers in Korea, the sam	3.0 kGy과 그 이상에서의 방사선 조사는 생존가능한 미생물을 제거함. logDEFT=logAPC의 비율은 모든 샘플에서 선량이 높아질수록 증가함. 한국의 고추에 대한 logDEFT / logAPC 비율이 2.5 이상인 경우, 3.0 kGy 이상의 선량 수준으로 시료를 조사 할 수 있다고 제안함. DEFT / APC method는 한국에서 생산 된 향신료의 조사하는 데 사용될 수 있음.
3257	Black pepper	흑후추	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	EFFECT OF SUPERVOLTAGE CATHODE RAYS ON BACTERIAL FLORA OF SPICES AND OTHER DRY FOOD MATERIALS	BERNARD E. PROCTOR,SAMUEL A. GOLDBLITH,HARVEY FRAM	Journal of Food Science	http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1950.tb16728.x	2.383	0.00895	SCIE	1950	15	6	490	493	10.1111/j.1365-2621.1950.tb16728.x	<NA>	133 krep 과 266 krep의 선량으로 전자선을 15초 동안 설탕, 전분, 향신료, 건조된 재료(백설탕, 흑설탕, 콩가루, 감자전분, 옥수수전분, 파프리카, 생강, 강황, 타임, 세이지, 육두구, 칠리 파우더, 흑후추, 붉은 고추, 양파분, 마늘분, 칡전분, 전란분, 전지분유, 아라비아 검)에 조사하여 호기성 혹은 혐기성의 중온세균과 호열성세균의 살균 여부를 확인하였음. 실험 결과에서 133 krep의 선량의 전자선 조사만으로도 다양한 종류의 식품의 살균이 효과적으로 일어났음.
3258	Black pepper	흑후추	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	방사선 조사한 향신료의 저장중 미생물 변화	이병우,김형찬	한국식품저장유통학회지	https://academic.naver.com/article.naver - doc_id=38893255	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	1995	2	1	203	207	<NA>	Spices(Tumeric, Celery-seed, Cumin, Black pepper, Coriander) were irradiated at dose levels of 0, 5, 7 and 9kGy using Co60 source and stored at room temperature. After 12 months of storage following 9kGy irradiated spice, total aerobic bacteria were significantly decreased. When the irradiation dose was 7kGy, microbial levels showed l02-103 levels. However, total lactic acid bacteria and E-coli were shown negative at below 5kGy.	감마선 조사를 받은 강황에 대한 저장중 미생물 변화를 검토한 결과 조사량 9 kGy로 조사하였을 때 초기균수와 관계없이 12개월 경과후 호기성 전세균은 101수준으로 나타났으며, 7 kGy이하로 감마선 조사에서 102-103의 수준으로 나타남. 대장균, 전유산균은 5 kGy에서 모두 음성으로 나타났으며 포장재질에 따른 미생물 변화는 나타나지 않았음. \| 감마선 조사를 받은 고수풀에 대한 저장중 미생물 변화를 검토한 결과 조사량 9 kGy로 조사하였을 때 초기균수와 관계없이 12개월 경과후 호기성 전세균은 101수준으로 나타났으며, 7 kGy이하로 감마선 조사에서 102의 수준으로 나타남. 대장균, 전유산균은 5 kGy에서 모두 음성으로 나타났으며 포장재질에 따른 미생물 변화는 나타나지 않았음. \| 감마선 조사를 받은 셀러리씨에 대한 저장중 미생물 변화를 검토한 결과 조사량 9 kGy로 조사하였을 때 초기균수와 관계없이 12개월 경과후 호기성 전세균은 101수준으로 나타났으며, 7 kGy이하로 감마선 조사에서 103의 수준으로 나타남. 대장균, 전유산균은 5 kGy에서 모두 음성으로 나타났으며 7 kGy조사 시 PET/Al/CPP포장에서 세균은 음성으로 나타남. \| 감마선 조사를 받은 쿠민에 대한 저장중 미생물 변화를 검토한 결과 조사량 9 kGy로 조사하였을 때 초기균수와 관계없이 12개월 경과후 호기성 전세균은 101수준으로 나타났으며, 7 kGy이하로 감마선 조사에서 102-103의 수준으로 나타남. 대장균, 전유산균은 5 kGy에서 모두 음성으로 나타났으며 초기균수가 적어 7 kGy로 조사하였을 때 세균은 음성으로 나타남. \| 감마선 조사를 받은 흑후추에 대한 저장중 미생물 변화를 검토한 결과 조사량 9 kGy로 조사하였을 때 초기균수와 관계없이 12개월 경과후 호기성 전세균은 101수준으로 나타났으며, 7 kGy이하로 감마선 조사에서 102-103의 수준으로 나타남. 대장균, 전유산균은 5 kGy에서 모두 음성으로 나타났으며 포장재질에 따른 미생물 변화는 나타나지 않았음.
3259	Black pepper powder	흑후추 분말	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	RADIATION STERILIZATION OF SPICES FOR HOSPITAL FOOD SERVICES AND PATIENT CARE	N. GRECZ,R. AL-HARITHY,R. JAW	Journal of Food Safety	http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1986.tb00546.x	<NA>	<NA>	SCIE	1986	7	4	241	255	10.1111/j.1745-4565.1986.tb00546.x	A survey of the commercial spices used by food services in a typical hospital environment revealed high contamination with microorganisms, i.e., 104 to 107 counts per gram. The predominant microorganisms were as followed (in colony counts/gram): (1) heat-resistant bacterial spores in black pepper, 1 × 107; thyme, 2 × 106; anise, 7 × 104; curry powder, 4 × 105; poultry seasoning, 8 × 104; pickling spice, cardamom, and cumin, 1.5 - 3 × 104; (2) mixed populations of vegetative cells and bacterial spores in cumin, 1 × 106; (3) molds in cream of tartar, 2 × 104. Sterility of food may be important in a hospital setting, especially in the care of immunocompromised patients. To eliminate the organisms, we recommend radiation treatment, accompanied by appropriate microbiological quality control. On the basis of radiation survival data, the composite natural flora would be reduced to the level of “commercial sterility” (defined as less than 10 organisms per gram((Kiss 1982) by the following minimum radiation doses (in	병원의 식재료로 납품되는 향신료나 조미료(흑후추분, 타임분, 아니스분, 카레분, 치킨 시즈닝, 피클링 스파이스, 카다멈분, 커민분, 타르타르영)에 1.8 kGy/h의 방사선량률로 각각 2, 3, 4, 7, 9 kGy까지의 감마선을 조사하였을 때 감균을 확인하였음. 상업적인 살균처리에서 필요한 감마선 조사량은 흑후추분, 타임분, 아니스분, 카레분, 치킨 시즈닝, 피클링 스파이스, 카다멈분, 커민분, 타르타르영 각각에서 13, 13, 10, 7.3, 6, 7, 9.4, 12, 4 kGy으로 나타났음. 결론적으로 병원으로 납품되는 향신료나 조미료의 경우 낮은 미생물 수준의 경우 6-10 kGy의 조사량이, 높은 미생물 수준의 경우 10-15 kGy의 조사량이 추천됨.
3260	Powdered black pepper	흑후추 파우더	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Screening of gamma irradiated spices in Korea by using a microbiological method (DEFT/APC)	K.N. Oh,S.Y. Lee,H.J. Lee,K.E. Kim,J.S. Yang	Food Control	http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0956713502001081	3.667	0.2808	SCIE	2003	14	7	489	494	10.1016/S0956-7135(02)00108-1	Irradiation can be used to control the microbiological spoilage and pathogen microorganisms of foods. Microbiological changes associated with food irradiation include the reduction or elimination of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms, insect disinfestation and parasite disinfection. The effects on the microbial populations of irradiated foods have been used to develop detection methods for irradiated foods. The method used in this study was direct epifluorescent filter technique/aerobic plate count (DEFT/APC), which is based on the difference between DEFT counts and APC counts. The samples were imported spices and domestic spices produced in Korea. These samples were irradiated at 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, and 10 kGy to reduce the spoilage organisms. Irradiation doses of 3.0 kGy or over eliminated viable microorganisms effectively, and the logDEFT/APC ratio gradually increased with dose increment in all the samples. It could be suggested that if the logDEFT/APC ratio is 2.5 or over for peppers in Korea, the sam	3.0 kGy과 그 이상에서의 방사선 조사는 생존가능한 미생물을 제거함. logDEFT=logAPC의 비율은 모든 샘플에서 선량이 높아질수록 증가함. 한국의 고추에 대한 logDEFT / logAPC 비율이 2.5 이상인 경우, 3.0 kGy 이상의 선량 수준으로 시료를 조사 할 수 있다고 제안함. DEFT / APC method는 한국에서 생산 된 향신료의 조사하는 데 사용될 수 있음.

Most frequently occurring

	샘플명(영문)	샘플명(국문)	분류군	원산지	형태	부위	숙주명	숙주분류군	숙주원신지	원문명	저자	게재지	원문링크	피인용지수1(Impact Factor)	피인용지수2(Eigen Factor)	색인인용디비(SCIE여부)	게재년도	권	호	첫페이지	끝페이지	문서코드번호(PMID(doi))	초록	주요결과요약	# duplicates
94	건조 청경채	건조 청경채	채소 및 채소류 (Vegetables and Vegetable Products)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	ESR Spectroscopy에 의한 전자선 조사 건조 채소의 검지와 흡수선량 예측	권중호,정형욱	한국식품영양과학회지 = Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition	http://www.ndsl.kr/ndsl/search/detail/article/articleSearchResultDetail.do - cn=JAKO199911920157174	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	1999	28	4	882	885	<NA>	Along with the increasing demands for food irradiation technology, proper detection methods for controlling irradiated foods are required. Dried vegetable(chunggyungchae), which is permitted to be irradiated in Korea, was subjected to a detection study by ESR spectroscopy. Pre established threshold value was successfully applicable to the detection of 50 coded unknown samples of dried clean vege tables, both nonirradiated and electron beam irradiated. Three calibration curves obtained from the samples irradiated at 2.5~15 kGy were not practically adopted to estimate actual absorbed doses ranging from 4 to 7 kGy.	전자선을 조사한 건조채소를 ESR spectroscopy 를 통하여 검지하고 흡수 선량을 예측	20
67	Sargssum thunbergii	지충이	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	지충이 추출물의 항산화, 항균 활성 및 물리적 특성에 미치는 감마선 조사의 영향	이소정,송유진,이소영,김꽃봉우리,윤소영,이청조,정지연,박나비,곽지희,박진규,김재훈,최종일,이주운,변명우,안동현	한국식품과학회지	http://www.dbpia.co.kr/Article/NODE01706121	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	2010	42	4	431	437	<NA>	This study was carried out to determine the effect of gamma irradiation (3-20 kGy) on the antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and physical characteristics of Sargassum thunbergii (ST) extracts. When ST powder was treated by gamma irradiation, the yields and total phenolic compounds (TPC) of water extracts were increased, but radical scavenging activities were not changed. When ST extract was irradiated, the TPC and DPPH radical scavenging activities were increased. In addition, gamma irradiation of ST extract decreased viscosity and removed color. These results suggest that gamma irradiation would be a useful method for improving the physical characteristics of ST extract while maintaining native biological activities.	지충이(Sargssum thunbergii) 분말 및 에탄올 추출물에 3, 7, 20 kGy의 감마선 조사를 실시하였음 에탄올 추출물의 열과 pH 처리에 따른 페놀함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능 변화를 측정한 결과, 조사선량에 따라 열 및 pH 처리에 안정한 항산화 활성을 보임 감마선 조사에 따른 항균활성 측정 결과, 5종의 그람 양성균에 대해 조사선량에 따른 활성의 차이를 보이지 않았음 반면, 감마선 조사에 따른 색도의 변화를 알아본 결과, 색도는 감마선 조사선량의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 감소함	14
81	maize	옥수수	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Inactivation of aflatoxigenic fungi and the reduction of aflatoxin B1invitro and in situ using gamma irradiation	Ksenija Markov,Branka Mihaljevi - ,Ana-Marija Domijan,Jelka Pleadin,Frane Dela - ,Jadranka Frece	Food Control	http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0956713515000675	3.667	0.2808	SCIE	2015	54	<NA>	79	85	10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.036	Detailed investigation on the effect of gamma (γ) irradiation on germination, sporulation, and growth of aflatoxigenic moulds (Aspergillus parasiticus - 2999, - Aspergillus flavus - 305, and - Aspergillus niger - 388), as well as on the reduction of aflatoxin B1 - (AFB1) level in artificially and naturally contaminated maize/feed samples was performed. The results of - in - vitro - and - in situ - experiments with aflatoxigenic moulds demonstrated that 5 - kGy-γ irradiation manages to prevent sporulation, germination and growth of the tested moulds both when in form of a pure and when in form of a mixed culture. In the feed samples artificially contaminated with AFB1 - (50 - μg - kg - 1) 5 - kGy-γ irradiation reduced AFB1 - level by around 60%, while 10 - kGy-dose reduce it for around 85%. Similarly, in feed samples spiked with AFB1 - in the concentrations of 100 - μg - kg - 1 - 5 - kGy-dose reduced the AFB1 - level by approximately 70%, while the dose of 10 - kGy reduced it by approximately 90%. The experime	감마선을 이용한 aflatoxin B1과 aflatoxigenic fungi 비활성화 조사	6
2	Beef patty	소고기 패티	쇠고기 제품 (Beef Products)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effects of Antioxidants and Gamma Irradiation on the Shelf Life of Beef Patties	JU-WOON LEE,HONG-SUN YOOK,SEONG-AI KIM,KYONG-HAENG LEE,MYUNG-WOO BYUN	Journal of Food Protection	http://jfoodprotection.org/doi/abs/10.4315/0362-028X-62.6.619	<NA>	<NA>	SCIE	1999	62	6	619	624	10.4315/0362-028X-62.6.619	To improve the storage safety of two types of ground beef patty popular in Korea (general beef patties and bulgogi patties), we added various antioxidants (200 ppm; including butylated hydroxyanisole, ascorbyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene) to typical formulations of patties, cooked the patties to 70°C, and irradiated them at a dose of 1.5 or 3 kGy. During 30 d of storage at 5°C, the number of aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were determined using total aerobic plate count and phenyl ethyl alcohol-sucrose agar, respectively. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid was also determined in each type of patty. No colonies were observed in patties irradiated at 3 kGy regardless of which antioxidant was added. In control patties and patties with butylated hydroxyanisole that were irradiated at a dose of 1.5 kGy, growth of microorganisms appeared to be more rapid than in patties with natural antioxidants. The microbiological safety of nonirradiated patties could not be ensured for a period of 20	항산화제가 첨가된 것과 상관없이 3kGy에서 조사된 패티에서는 콜로니가 관찰되지않았따. 1.5kGy로 조사된 butylated hydroxyanisole을 함유한 패티는 천연항산화제를 갖고있는 패티보다 더 빠르게 미생물이 성장했다. 비방사선패티의 미생물학적 안정성은 20일동안 보장 될 수 없다 Ascorbyl palmitate는 천연항산화제 wd에서 가장 강한효과를 나타낸다.그러나 butylated hydroxyanisole은 ascorbyl palmitate 보다 같은 양을 사용했을 때 더 효과적이다, \| 항산화제의 첨가 여부에 상관없이 3kGy을 조사했을 때 패티 안에 콜로니가 발견되지 않았음. 대조군 패티와 butylated hydroxyanisole을 첨가하고 1.5kGy 조사한 패티에서는 자연적 항산화제가 있는 패테이 비해 미생물의 성장 속도가 빨랐음. 20일 동안 저장한 비조사 패티의 미생물 안전성은 보장되지 않음. 지방산화는 항산화제가 첨가됐을 때 소고기 패티와 불고기 패티 모두에서 지연되었음. \| 항산화제의 첨가 여부에 상관없이 3kGy을 조사했을 때 패티 안에 콜로니가 발견되지 않았음. 대조군 패티와 butylated hydroxyanisole을 첨가하고 1.5kGy 조사한 패티에서는 자연적 항산화제가 있는 패티에 비해 미생물의 성장 속도가 빨랐음. 20일 동안 저장한 비조사 패티의 미생물 안전성은 보장되지 않음. 지방산화는 항산화제가 첨가됐을 때 소고기 패티와 불고기 패티 모두에서 지연되었음.	5
4	Bulgogi patty	불고기 패티	쇠고기 제품 (Beef Products)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Effects of Antioxidants and Gamma Irradiation on the Shelf Life of Beef Patties	JU-WOON LEE,HONG-SUN YOOK,SEONG-AI KIM,KYONG-HAENG LEE,MYUNG-WOO BYUN	Journal of Food Protection	http://jfoodprotection.org/doi/abs/10.4315/0362-028X-62.6.619	<NA>	<NA>	SCIE	1999	62	6	619	624	10.4315/0362-028X-62.6.619	To improve the storage safety of two types of ground beef patty popular in Korea (general beef patties and bulgogi patties), we added various antioxidants (200 ppm; including butylated hydroxyanisole, ascorbyl palmitate, α-tocopherol, and β-carotene) to typical formulations of patties, cooked the patties to 70°C, and irradiated them at a dose of 1.5 or 3 kGy. During 30 d of storage at 5°C, the number of aerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria were determined using total aerobic plate count and phenyl ethyl alcohol-sucrose agar, respectively. The concentration of thiobarbituric acid was also determined in each type of patty. No colonies were observed in patties irradiated at 3 kGy regardless of which antioxidant was added. In control patties and patties with butylated hydroxyanisole that were irradiated at a dose of 1.5 kGy, growth of microorganisms appeared to be more rapid than in patties with natural antioxidants. The microbiological safety of nonirradiated patties could not be ensured for a period of 20	항산화제가 첨가된 것과 상관없이 3kGy에서 조사된 패티에서는 콜로니가 관찰되지않았따. 1.5kGy로 조사된 butylated hydroxyanisole을 함유한 패티는 천연항산화제를 갖고있는 패티보다 더 빠르게 미생물이 성장했다. 비방사선패티의 미생물학적 안정성은 20일동안 보장 될 수 없다 Ascorbyl palmitate는 천연항산화제 wd에서 가장 강한효과를 나타낸다.그러나 butylated hydroxyanisole은 ascorbyl palmitate 보다 같은 양을 사용했을 때 더 효과적이다, \| 항산화제의 첨가 여부에 상관없이 3kGy을 조사했을 때 패티 안에 콜로니가 발견되지 않았음. 대조군 패티와 butylated hydroxyanisole을 첨가하고 1.5kGy 조사한 패티에서는 자연적 항산화제가 있는 패테이 비해 미생물의 성장 속도가 빨랐음. 20일 동안 저장한 비조사 패티의 미생물 안전성은 보장되지 않음. 지방산화는 항산화제가 첨가됐을 때 소고기 패티와 불고기 패티 모두에서 지연되었음. \| 항산화제의 첨가 여부에 상관없이 3kGy을 조사했을 때 패티 안에 콜로니가 발견되지 않았음. 대조군 패티와 butylated hydroxyanisole을 첨가하고 1.5kGy 조사한 패티에서는 자연적 항산화제가 있는 패티에 비해 미생물의 성장 속도가 빨랐음. 20일 동안 저장한 비조사 패티의 미생물 안전성은 보장되지 않음. 지방산화는 항산화제가 첨가됐을 때 소고기 패티와 불고기 패티 모두에서 지연되었음.	5
64	Pork patty	돈육패티	기타 (Etc)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	감마선 조사와 푸코이단/라미나린 병용처리가 돈육 패티의 품질에 미치는 영향	김현주,최종일,박진규,송범석,김재훈,윤요한,김천제,신미혜,변명우,이주운	한국축산식품학회지	https://academic.naver.com/article.naver - doc_id=30693104	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	2009	29	1	34	39	<NA>	저급미역에서 추출한 푸코이단/라미나린의 천연 항산화제로서의 이용 가능성을 평가하기 위해 돈육 패티에 이를 첨가하여 품질평가를 하였다. 푸코이단/라미나린 첨가 돈육 패티의 지질산패도를 측정한 결과 무첨가구에 비해 효과적으로 패티의 지질산화를 억제한 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 조사선량에 따라 지질산화 억제 효과가 증진하였다. 감마선 조사한 돈육 패티의 색도 변화를 측정한 결과, 시료 무첨가구와 라미나린 첨가구는 조사에 의한 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 푸코이단 처리구의 경우 패티의 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 명도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 돈육 패티에 푸코이단/라미나린을 첨가 하였을 때 패티의 보수성이 증가하여 경도가 감소하였으며, 이는 감마선 조사에 의한 유의적인 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 감마선 조사와 푸코이단/라미나린 병용처리는 패티의 미생물을 제어하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 감마선 조사와 이 기술을 활용하여 추출한 푸코이단/라미나린을 병용처리 하였을 때 미생물학적 안전성을 확보하고 품질을 개선시켜 식품산업에서의 천연 항산화제로서 적용할 수 있을 것이라고 판단된다. The objective of this study was investigated to apply the fucoidan and laminarin extract from low-grade Undaria pinnatifida to real food product, a pork patty. Pork patties added with fucoidan and laminarin showed lower lipid oxidation and the inhibition against lipid oxidation was shown to be dependent on the irradiation doses. The Hunter color values of pork patty added with fucoidan increased significantly with an increase of irradiation dose. The hardness prof	푸코이단 첨가 돈육 패티의 지질산패도를 측정한 결과 무첨가구에 비해 효과적으로 패티의 지질산화를 억제한 것으로 나타났음 감마선 조사한 돈육 패티의 색도 변화를 측정한 결과, 푸코이단 처리구의 경우 패티의 조사선량이 증가함에 따라 명도가 증가하는 경향을 보였음 돈육 패티에 푸코이단을 첨가하였을 때 패티의 보수성이 증가하여 경도가 감소하였으며, 이는 감마선 조사에 의한 유의적인 차이는 없는 것으로 나타남	5
65	Punica granatum L. Punicaceae	석류	과실류 및 과일 주스 (Fruits and Fruit Juices)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Investigation of Radiation-Induced Free Radicals and Luminescence Properties in Fresh Pomegranate Fruits	Hafiz M. Shahbaz,Kashif Akram,Jae-Jun Ahn,Joong-Ho Kwon	American Chemical Society	http://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf3054388	14.357	0.72853	<NA>	2013	61	17	4019	4025	10.1021/jf3054388	Radiation-induced free radicals and luminescence properties were investigated in γ-irradiated (0 - 3 kGy) pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruits. Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) analysis showed limited applicability, and only 3 kGy-irradiated pomegranates showed positive PSL values (>5000 PCs). Thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve features, such as intensity and the presence of maximum glow peak in radiation-specific temperature range (150 - 250 °C), provided definite proof of irradiation, and the TL ratios (TL1/TL2) also confirmed the reliability of TL results. Scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis of the separated minerals showed that feldspar and quartz minerals were responsible for the luminescence properties. Radiation-induced cellulose radicals were detected in the seeds and rinds by ESR analysis. The ESR results were better in freeze-dried samples than in alcohol-extracted ones. A positive correlation was found between the ESR and TL signal intensities and irradiatio	감마선 처리에 의한 석류의 SEM-EDX 분석	5
98	배추	배추	채소 및 채소류 (Vegetables and Vegetable Products)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	저선량 γ선 조사가 배추종자의 발아와 수량에 미치는 효과	김재성,김진규,이영근,백명화,김정규	한국환경농학회지	https://academic.naver.com/article.naver - doc_id=37877971	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	1998	17	3	274	278	<NA>	저선량 방사선에 의한 식물생육 촉진효과를 보고자 남방계 배추품종의 1~5년간 묵은 종자에 저선량 γ선을 $0.5~30.0Gy$까지 조사하여 온실과 포장에서 재배하여 그 생육상황을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 배추 묵은 종자의 발아율과 유묘초장은 저선량 조사에 의해 향상되었으나 그 효과는 저장기간에 따라 달랐다. 저장기간이 5년차, 4년차, 3년차인 종자에게는 각각 4.0Gy, 1.0Gy, 0.5Gy 조사에서 발아율과 유묘초장 증가효과가 인정되었고 1년차와 2년차 종자에서 발아율 촉진효과는 없었으나 유묘초장은 증가하였다. 포장재배한 배추의 초장, 생체중, 직경으로 본 수량은 모든 저장종자의 4.0Gy와 8.0Gy 조사구에서 증가효과가 있었고 1년차와 2년차 종자에서는 20.0Gy와 30.0Gy에서도 수량증가 효과가 있었다. To observe the stimulating effects of low-dose ${\gamma}-radiation$ on the Chinese cabbage, 1~5 years old seeds were cultivated in the green house and the experimental field after irradiation of $0.5Gy~30.0Gy$ and the growth characters of them were investigated. The germination rates and the seedling heights of old seeds increased positively in the green house, but different from each other depending on their period of storage. Those of 3-, 4-, and 5-year old seeds increased remarkably at the 4.0Gy-, 1.0Gy-, and 0.5Gy-irradiation group respectively. However, in the case of 1-year and 2-year old seeds, there	배추 묵은 종자의 발아율과 유묘초장은 저선량 조사에 의해 향상되었으나 그 효과는 저장기간에 따라 달랐다 저장기간이 5년차, 4년차, 3년차인 종자에서는 가각 4.0 Gy, 1.0 Gy, 0.5 Gy 조사에서 발야율과 유묘초장 증가효과가 인정되었고, 1년차와 2년차 종자에서는 발아율 촉진 효과는 없었으나 유묘초장은 증가하였다 포장재배한 배추의 초장, 생체중, 직경으로 본 수량은 보든 저장종자의 4.0 Gy와 8.0 Gy 조사구에서 증가효과가 있었고, 1년차와 2년차 종자에서는 20.0 Gy와 30.0 Gy에서도 수량 증가 효과가 있었다. \| 저선량 감마선을 조사하였을 때 묵은 배추종자의 발아 및 생육에 미치는 영향	5
7	Castella	카스텔라	빵 및 베이킹 제품 (Baked Products)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	감마선 조사 꿀의 미생물학적·이화학적·독성학적 및 가공학적 평가연구	이은영	충남대학교 대학원	http://m.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do - p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=685eb01164b8fde9ffe0bdc3ef48d419#redirect	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	2007	<NA>	<NA>	69	69	<NA>	Honey is occasionally contaminated with harmful microorganisms such as Schizosaccharomyces and Clostridium, which are classified as pathogens that cause fetal damage to infants and children. The objective of this study was to estimate the effect of gamma irradiation for inactivating the pathogens inoculated into four honeys, such as commercial acacia-, multiflower-, chestnut-, and mandarin orange honeys available in the Korea market, and to compare their microbiological, physicochemical, toxicological and processing properties between irradiated and nonirradiated honeys. 1. Microbial safety of commercial honey The effect of irradiation on microbial reduction in four honeys were presented in Table 2. Their yeasts, molds and coliform were not detected at the initial stage (0 kGy). Total aerobic bacterial and Clostridium spp. populations of acacia honey and Clostridium spp. of chestnut honey were not also observed at the initial stage. In case of multiflower honey, 3 kGy of irradiation reduced the population of	감마선 조사량에 따른 아카시아꿀,잡화꿀,밤꿀 및 밀감꿀의 접종 미생물 분포도	4
15	Fresh ginseng	인삼	향신료 및 조미료류 (Spices and Herbs)	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	<NA>	Luminescence properties and compositions of contaminating inorganic minerals separated from gamma-irradiated fresh and white ginsengs from different areas	Ahn Jae-Jun,Akram Kashif,Jeong Mi-Seon,Kwak Ji-Young,Park Eun-Joo,Kwon Joong-Ho	Journal of Ginseng Research	http://koreascience.or.kr/journal/view.jsp - kj=GROSBR&py=2013&vnc=v37n4&sp=483	4.053	0.00247	SCIE	2013	37	4	483	490	10.5142/jgr.2013.37.483	Gamma-irradiation (0-7 kGy) of ginseng is permitted in Korea for the purpose of microbial decontamination; with strict labeling, traceability and monitoring requirements. An identification study was conducted to determine the photostimulated-luminescence (PSL) and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of gamma-irradiated fresh and white ginsengs cultivated in different areas. Dose- dependent PSL-based screening was possible for white ginseng samples; however, inappropriate results from non-irradiated fresh ginseng samples were obtained, showing intermediate (700 to 5,000) or positive ( 5,000, irradiated) PSL counts due to the abundance of minerals on the surfaces of the samples. TL analysis of separated minerals from all non-irradiated samples gave TL glow curves of low intensity with a maximum peak after . However, well-defined irradiation-specific (high intensity with a maximum peak at about ) glow curves were observed for all the irradiated samples, regardless of their type and origins. TL ratios (first glow	한국에서 미생물 오염제거를 위하여 인삼에 감마선 조사를 0-7kGy 수준으로 조사함. 또한 본 논문에서는 다양한 영역에서 재배 된 식품에 대해 감마선 조사 시 photostimulated-luminescence (PSL)와 thermoluminescence (TL) 특성을 결정하기 위해 수행되었음. SEM-EDX (주사 전자 현미경 - 에너지 분산 X 선) 및 XRD (X 선 회절) 분광 분석 결과 그 장석과 석영 미네랄은 전형적인 방사선 특유의 발광 특성의 주원인이었음.	4

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